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BackgroundWorking memory (WM) deficit is considered a core feature and cognitive biomarker in patients with schizophrenia. Several studies have reported prominent object WM deficits in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting that visual WM in these patients extends to non-spatial domains. However, whether non-spatial WM is similarly affected remains unclear.AimThis study primarily aimed to identify the processing of visual object WM in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.MethodsThe study included 36 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 35 healthy controls. Visual object WM capacity, including face and house WM capacity, was assessed by means of delayed matching-to-sample visual WM tasks, in which participants must distribute memory so that they can discriminate a target sample. We specifically examined their anhedonia experience by the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale. Cognitive performance was measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS).ResultsBoth face and house WM capacity was significantly impaired in patients with schizophrenia. For both tasks, the performance of all the subjects was worse under the high-load condition than under the low-load condition. We found that WM capacity was highly positively correlated with the performance on RBANS total scores (r=−0.528, p=0.005), RBANS delayed memory scores (r=−0.470, p=0.013), RBANS attention scores (r=−0.584, p=0.001), RBANS language scores (r=−0.448, p=0.019), Trail-Making Test: Part A raw scores (r=0.465, p=0.015) and simple IQ total scores (r=−0.538, p=0.005), and correlated with scores of the vocabulary test (r=−0.490, p=0.011) and scores of the Block Diagram Test (r=−0.426, p=0.027) in schizophrenia. No significant correlations were observed between WM capacity and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale symptoms.ConclusionsOur research found that visual object WM capacity is dramatically impaired in patients with schizophrenia and is strongly correlated with other measures of cognition, suggesting a mechanism that is critical in explaining a portion of the broad cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia.
BackgroundWorking memory (WM) deficit is considered a core feature and cognitive biomarker in patients with schizophrenia. Several studies have reported prominent object WM deficits in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting that visual WM in these patients extends to non-spatial domains. However, whether non-spatial WM is similarly affected remains unclear.AimThis study primarily aimed to identify the processing of visual object WM in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.MethodsThe study included 36 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 35 healthy controls. Visual object WM capacity, including face and house WM capacity, was assessed by means of delayed matching-to-sample visual WM tasks, in which participants must distribute memory so that they can discriminate a target sample. We specifically examined their anhedonia experience by the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale. Cognitive performance was measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS).ResultsBoth face and house WM capacity was significantly impaired in patients with schizophrenia. For both tasks, the performance of all the subjects was worse under the high-load condition than under the low-load condition. We found that WM capacity was highly positively correlated with the performance on RBANS total scores (r=−0.528, p=0.005), RBANS delayed memory scores (r=−0.470, p=0.013), RBANS attention scores (r=−0.584, p=0.001), RBANS language scores (r=−0.448, p=0.019), Trail-Making Test: Part A raw scores (r=0.465, p=0.015) and simple IQ total scores (r=−0.538, p=0.005), and correlated with scores of the vocabulary test (r=−0.490, p=0.011) and scores of the Block Diagram Test (r=−0.426, p=0.027) in schizophrenia. No significant correlations were observed between WM capacity and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale symptoms.ConclusionsOur research found that visual object WM capacity is dramatically impaired in patients with schizophrenia and is strongly correlated with other measures of cognition, suggesting a mechanism that is critical in explaining a portion of the broad cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia.
要旨:道で迷う症状を呈す地誌的失見当はいくつかの要素から成り,その 1 つに道順障害がある。この道 順障害の病態は複雑で不明な点が多い。そこで腫瘍摘出後に道順障害を呈した症例の病態を検討した。症 例は 71 歳,右利きの女性。右頭頂-後頭葉内側部の髄膜腫摘出術後,街並みの同定は可能であったが,術 後 3 ヵ月時点で馴染みの薄い道で迷う症状が遷延した。本症例の地誌的見当識は,心的回転と空間定位と もに低下しており,自己の身体を基準とした自己中心座標系と自己以外の環境内の対象物を基準とした他 者中心座標系の空間認知に障害を示していた。これより本症例の地誌的失見当は道順障害に egocentric disorientation を伴った病態であったと考えられた。 (高次脳機能研究 42(3) :348 ~ 355,2022) Key Words:道順障害,地誌的失見当,心的回転,空間定位 heading disorientation,topographical disorientation,mental rotation,spatial orientation * 関西電力医学研究所リハビリテーション医学研究部 〒 553-0003 大阪府大阪市福島区福島 2-1-7 受稿日 2021 年 9 月 22 日 ** 飯能靖和病院 リハビリテーション科 受理日 2022 年 4 月 22 日
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