Pure-Tone Tinnitus Evoked by Acoustic Stimulation: the Idiophonic Effect

Flottorp, Gordon

doi:10.3109/00016485309119861

Cited by 105 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Third, they observed that it is not possible to obtain beats with the aftertone; it should be possible were the aftertone a vibratory signal. Fourth, Flottorp (1953) demonstrated that the aftertone depends strongly on the temporal parameters of the eliciting tone, an effect that he also did not expect from a vibratory event.…”

Section: Oto-acoustic Emissions As the Cause Of Monaural Diplacusismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Monaural diplacusis is a condition in which a pure tone does not sound "pure" but rather, at appropriate frequencies and sound pressures, elicits sensations of beats, roughness, tearing, and multiple tones (Flottorp, 1953;Ward, 1955). Interestingly, it is at low sound pressures that these distortions are apparent; above an upper intensity limit, which depends on the frequency of the tone, the sensation is that of a pure tone.…”

Section: Oto-acoustic Emissions As the Cause Of Monaural Diplacusismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…But the idiotone postulated by Flottorp (1953) and by Ward (1955) press on the system a sinusoidal force of frequency f =fo + ½, the output beat rate will not necessarily be ½, but may be smaller than ½, or zero Lf completely locked. The perceptual experiences that accompany stimtttus conditions of this sort dramatically reinforce this theoretical picture of an oscillating system that is locking and unlocking semi-regularly to the stimulating tone.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Spontaneous narrowband acoustic signals emitted by human ears

Zurek

1981

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

222

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In the ears of many persons, a spontaneous and continuous narrowband acoustic signal can be measured with a probe microphone in the ear canal. In a sample of 32 persons with normal hearing who were tested bilaterally, an oto-acoustic emission (OAE) was detected in 22 ears of 16 persons. These signals were most often found between 1.0 and 2.0 kHz and in all cases, the sound pressure in the occluded ear canal was less than 200 mu Pa. The behavior of these emissions was investigated in a number of experiments on the author's own OAE at 1910 Hz. In one of these studies, the suppression of an OAE by an external tone was examined. It was found that a contour of constant suppression (amplitude versus frequency of external tones that produce a criterion reduction in the amplitude of the OAE) exhibits frequency selectivity like that commonly associated with cochlear frequency analysis. The existence of OAE's of cochlear origin demonstrates that the ingredients for active biomechanical processes are present in the inner ear and supports the notion that such processes increase the sensitivity and selectivity of mechanical frequency analysis in the cochlea.

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Section: Oto-acoustic Emissions As the Cause Of Monaural Diplacusismentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Oto-acoustic Emissions As the Cause Of Monaural Diplacusismentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Spontaneous narrowband acoustic signals emitted by human ears

Zurek

1981

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

222

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“…In this state, multiple or combined tones can be perceived in the emitting ear (Zurek 1981;Long 1998). Presumably, earlier studies before the discovery of SOAEs, describe the perception of the external interaction as monaural diplacusis (Flottorp, 1953;Ward, 1955), from now on referred to as diplacusis. With the increase in stimulus amplitude the beating-rate of the diplacusis decreases (Flottorp, 1953;Ward, 1955;Zurek 1981), presumably since the SOAE synchronizes to the stimulus.…”

Section: Frequency Shifts Of Emission Peaks Caused By the Presence Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presumably, earlier studies before the discovery of SOAEs, describe the perception of the external interaction as monaural diplacusis (Flottorp, 1953;Ward, 1955), from now on referred to as diplacusis. With the increase in stimulus amplitude the beating-rate of the diplacusis decreases (Flottorp, 1953;Ward, 1955;Zurek 1981), presumably since the SOAE synchronizes to the stimulus. It was described that the perception of beating depends also on the frequency separation between the presented pure tone and the SOAE.…”

Section: Frequency Shifts Of Emission Peaks Caused By the Presence Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using spontaneous optoacoustic emissions to probe frequency selectivity

Engler¹

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Hearing -a sensation that seems to easily appear to us in our daily life. But the sense of hearing is much more than just as if perceived incidentally. Hearing is the key element in human communication and plays an important role in cultural aspects as in language and music. We use acoustical information every day, while always depending on the two coiled structures in our skull, each of them about 3.5 cm long -the cochleae. The cochlea is fundamental for a highly frequency-selective acoustic perception. Frequency selectivity is the ability to discriminate between sounds with different frequencies. The focus of this thesis lays on the application of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions to measure frequency selectivity of the cochlea and thus mainly at the level of the peripheral auditory processing.Understanding.the.precise.mechanisms.of.the.inner.ear.physiology.that.define.the. high resolution of frequency selectivity, will expand our understanding of cochlear mechanics.and.species-specific.differences.as.well.as.the.evolutionary.development.of. the auditory system. This.first.chapter.introduces.the.general.properties.of.acoustic.cues..Further,.the. anatomy.and.physiology.of.the.human.ear.will.be.outlined.and.briefly.compared.with. the characteristics of the avian ear morphology and sound transmission. Secondly, what spontaneous otoacoustic emissions are and how they are used to test frequency selectivity of an individual will be explained. Finally, the following chapters of this thesis will be introduced. Properties and perception of soundSound in air can be understood as an oscillating movement of air molecules that causes differences in density and pressure. The unit of sound pressure is pascal (Pa). The pressure variations act as traveling pressure waves that spread away from the sound source causing them. In sophisticated communication cues (as speech) such pressure variations are complex, but can be separated into their smallest components -pure tones.Any pure tone consists of a sinusoidal waveform. Changes in increased and decreased density and pressure create the waveform of a pure tone with molecule condensation peaks and rarefaction troughs. Thus, a sound wave consists of repeating cycles of peaks and.troughs..Each.waveform.has.a.specific.frequency.that.describes.how.many.of.these. waves pass a given point in one second. The frequency is consequently a measure of cycles per second, expressed in hertz (Hz). I want to emphasize here that pitch is the subjective percept of frequency. This percept correlates with the frequency as high frequencies are perceived as high pitch sounds and low frequencies as low pitch sounds. 14Chapter 1 Figure 1.2. A schematic illustration of the cross-section of the cochlea..(A).The.cochlear.spiral.is.viewed.from.the.side..The.three.fluid-filled.compartments.that. spiral.around.the.central.axis.can.be.seen..(B).A.magnification.of.the.median.compartment,.the.scala.media,.reveals.the.organ.of.Corti. When the channels are open, potassium ions (K + ) enter the HC which causes depola...

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Chronic Progressive Deafness, Including Otosclerosis and Diseases of the Internal Ear: Summaries of the Bibliographic Material Available for 1953

Proctor¹,

Pick²

1958

Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

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Pure-Tone Tinnitus Evoked by Acoustic Stimulation: the Idiophonic Effect

Cited by 105 publications

References 15 publications

Spontaneous narrowband acoustic signals emitted by human ears

Spontaneous narrowband acoustic signals emitted by human ears

Using spontaneous optoacoustic emissions to probe frequency selectivity

Chronic Progressive Deafness, Including Otosclerosis and Diseases of the Internal Ear: Summaries of the Bibliographic Material Available for 1953

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