Pure multistep oriented attachment growth kinetics of surfactant-free SnO2 nanocrystals

Zhuang, Zanyong; Zhang, Jing; Huang, Feng; Wang, Yonghao; Lin, Zhang

doi:10.1039/b907967j

Cited by 51 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This value is consistent with the work of Zhuang et al 4 for OA of SnO 2 nanoparticles, which showed values around 50 kJ/mol. As expected, this activation energy is significantly different compared with those reported for growth of ultrafine SnO 2 powders, 24 204−222 kJ/mol for grain growth and 310−354 kJ/mol for crystallite growth by surface diffusion, reinforcing that OA is the leading growth mechanism.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 94%

Energetics of Oriented Attachment of Mn-Doped SnO₂ Nanoparticles

2015

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Growth of nanoparticles by oriented attachment (OA) can occur in electrolyte solutions, in vacuum, or even in air. The energy change in this event is determined by the difference between the excess interface energies of the free nanoparticles and the arrangement with attached grains. Therefore, low energy boundaries (highly coherent) are more likely to attach, and after attachment, atomic rearrangement will allow crystals to effectively grow by coalescing two or more grains. However, if the energy of the boundary formed by attachment is low but the activation energy for coalescence is high, it is possible for the system to enter a metastable state that disables nanocrystals' growth (enabling design of growth resistant nanocrystals). In this work, we test this hypothesis in manganese-doped SnO 2 nanoparticles in the absence of organic agents. We observe that manganese dramatically lowers the energies of (noncoherent) grain boundaries of SnO 2 , which enhances nanostability and slows grain growth due to the increased activation energy for OA.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 94%

Energetics of Oriented Attachment of Mn-Doped SnO₂ Nanoparticles

2015

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“…Growth solely due to oriented attachment was observed in surfactant-free SnO 2 nanoparticles where poor solubility inhibits the Ostwald ripening process. 24 The absence of ripening allows growth observed in these particles to be fit to a molecular oriented attachment model proposed by Huang et al 23 This shows that when dealing with a reaction that is dominated by oriented attachment, the use of a multi-rate, multi-step kinetic model of self-integration is apt. This model, however, prescribes the rates by assuming the reaction rates(k ij ) adhere to the Smoluchowski formula for diffusion controlled reactions…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A multi-rate kinetic model for spontaneous oriented attachment of CdS nanorods

Gunning

O'Sullivan

Ryan

2010

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract:A multi rate kinetic model to explain the spontaneous oriented attachment of CdS nanorods in the presence of an amine is presented. The model demonstrates the reasons that elongation is restricted to a maximum of quadruple the starting rod length for rods of a certain aspect ratio (8 x 30 nm) with no elongation occurring for rods of a shorter aspect ratio. The rate constants for all possible attachment events are determined showing that elongation by attachment occurs sequentially by single rod addition alone. Both the reaction rate and the activation energy for subsequent attachment are found to increase as the rod lengthens. The increase in reaction rate correlates with increased dipole moment of longer rods which orients the rods end to end to maximize collision events. The two components of this reaction are alignment and fusion, with the former restricting attachment of low aspect ratio rods and the latter restricting attachment to higher aspect ratio rods. The model therefore predicts an aspect ratio "window" in which oriented attachment of nanorods is energetically possible.2

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“…19,20 However, previous kinetic studies indicate that typically SnO 2 particles grow very slowly, limiting the crystal size to only a few nanometers. 10,21,22 For instance, we demonstrated that nanoSnO 2 treated hydrothermally could stabilize at a small particle size for a long time (4.2 nm, 250°C, 180 h). 10 The slow growth of SnO 2 was attributed to 1 + 1 OA growth kinetics of the primary small particles.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Aggregation-Induced Fast Crystal Growth of SnO₂ Nanocrystals

et al. 2012

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In this paper, we report an ultrafast growth of SnO(2) nanocrystals directly from ~4 to ~350 nm in a hydrothermal process (250 °C, time >180 h). The crystal growth system is characterized by "either small or large" particle size; that is, only two differently sized SnO(2) particles, either several nanometers or ~350 nm, coexist. During the fast growth process, SnO(2) nanoparticles assembled to form densely aggregated aggregates that can quickly transform to big (bulk-like) crystals. The kinetic analysis, for the first time, point outs that the fast growth reaction (from nanocrystal aggregates to bulk-like crystals) follows a first-order reaction law with a very large kinetic pre-exponent factor (1.53 × 10(27) h(-1)), which is in line with our proposed aggregation-induced fast crystal growth mechanism. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study of the aggregates supports that the onset of the fast growth is closely related to an increase in the aggregation degree of the aggregates. Moreover, disintegrating the aggregation state via introduction of other particles (Al(2)O(3)) into the system prohibited the fast growth. The finding in this work provides new threads for syntheses of novel nanomaterials that may possess properties not readily obtained via conventional crystal growth routes.

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Pure multistep oriented attachment growth kinetics of surfactant-free SnO2 nanocrystals

Cited by 51 publications

References 25 publications

Energetics of Oriented Attachment of Mn-Doped SnO₂ Nanoparticles

Energetics of Oriented Attachment of Mn-Doped SnO₂ Nanoparticles

A multi-rate kinetic model for spontaneous oriented attachment of CdS nanorods

Aggregation-Induced Fast Crystal Growth of SnO₂ Nanocrystals

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Pure multistep oriented attachment growth kinetics of surfactant-free SnO2 nanocrystals

Cited by 51 publications

References 25 publications

Energetics of Oriented Attachment of Mn-Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles

Energetics of Oriented Attachment of Mn-Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles

A multi-rate kinetic model for spontaneous oriented attachment of CdS nanorods

Aggregation-Induced Fast Crystal Growth of SnO2 Nanocrystals

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Product

Resources

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Energetics of Oriented Attachment of Mn-Doped SnO₂ Nanoparticles

Energetics of Oriented Attachment of Mn-Doped SnO₂ Nanoparticles

Aggregation-Induced Fast Crystal Growth of SnO₂ Nanocrystals