Pure mechanistic analysis of additive neuroprotective effects between baicalin and jasminoidin in ischemic stroke mice

Abstract

Both baicalin (BA) and jasminoidin (JA) are active ingredients in Chinese herb medicine Scutellaria baicalensis and Fructus gardeniae, respectively. They have been shown to exert additive neuroprotective action in ischemic stroke models. In this study we used transcriptome analysis to explore the pure therapeutic mechanisms of BA, JA and their combination (BJ) contributing to phenotype variation and reversal of pathological processes. Mice with middle cerebral artery obstruction were treated with BA, JA, their combination (BJ), or concha margaritifera (CM). Cerebral infarct volume was examined to determine the effect of these compounds on phenotype. Using the hippocampus microarray and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software, we exacted the differentially expressed genes, networks, pathways, and functions in positive-phenotype groups (BA, JA and BJ) by comparing with the negative-phenotype group (CM). In the BA, JA, and BJ groups, a total of 7, 4, and 11 specific target molecules, 1, 1, and 4 networks, 51, 59, and 18 canonical pathways and 70, 53, and 64 biological functions, respectively, were identified. Pure therapeutic mechanisms of BA and JA were mainly overlapped in specific target molecules, functions and pathways, which were related to the nervous system, inflammation and immune response. The specific mechanisms of BA and JA were associated with apoptosis and cancer-related signaling and endocrine and hormone regulation, respectively. In the BJ group, novel target profiles distinct from mono-therapies were revealed, including 11 specific target molecules, 10 functions, and 10 pathways, the majority of which were related to a virus-mediated immune response. The pure additive effects between BA and JA were based on enhanced action in virus-mediated immune response. This pure mechanistic analysis may provide a clearer outline of the target profiles of multi-target compounds and combination therapies.

The effect and mechanism of combination of total paeony glycosides and total ligustici phenolic acids against focal cerebral ischemia

“…(2020) 10:3689 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60357-z www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Because of complicated factors for cerebral disease or stroke, it is inevitably to be a comprehensive pathological process. Cerebral inflammation participated in all stages of ischemic cascade which plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke 19 , while oxidative stress has also been reported to be one of the main cause in ischemia reperfusion injury 20 .…”

Systematic Understanding of the Mechanism of Baicalin against Ischemic Stroke through a Network Pharmacology Approach

“…Several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that baicalin is associated with reduced brain damage and improved neurological function after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Wang et al confirmed that baicalin can reduce cerebral infarct volume in a MCAO mouse model [39]. Other studies have considered baicalin as an antiapoptotic [40], antioxidant [11], and anti-inflammatory [41] agent.…”

<p>Preparation, Characterization and in vivo Study of Borneol-Baicalin-Liposomes for Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury</p>

“…BA (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-β-D-glucuronic acid) is a natural flavonoid compound extracted from the rhizome of Scutellaria baicalensis georgi. 5 Modern pharmacological studies showed that BA had an obvious protective effect on central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Ischemic stroke and depression.…”

“… 5 Modern pharmacological studies showed that BA had an obvious protective effect on central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Ischemic stroke and depression. 6 For a long time, BA plays a role as a potential treatment for cerebral ischemia, which can protect the ischemic brain injury by inhibiting apoptosis, inhibiting inflammatory factors, and anti-oxidative stress. 7 …”