PupilWare

Rafiqi, Sohail; Wangwiwattana, Chatchai; Kim, Jasmine; Fernández, Ephrem; Nair, Suku; Larson, Eric C.

doi:10.1145/2769493.2769506

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Increasing the demands of an N-back task has also been shown to activate various areas of the brain associated with working memory [26][27][28][29][30] . Some studies have demonstrated that eyetracking technology can be used to measure cognitive load, with features such as pupilometry: pupil diameter has been shown to increase in response to increasing levels of cognitive load [31][32][33][34] . Different aspects of oculomotor properties ( xation number and duration; saccade length, angle, and velocity; pupil dilation; blink rate and velocity) have been linked to cognitive load [35][36][37] , and combinations of these features have been proposed as a model for measuring cognitive load 36 .…”

Section: Cognitive Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Cognitive Load Affect Eye Movements/Oculomotor Behavior in Natural Scenes?

Walter¹,

Bex²

2021

Preprint

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Cognitive neuroscience researchers have identified relationships between cognitive load and eye movement behavior that are consistent with oculomotor biomarkers for neurological disorders. We develop an adaptive visual search paradigm that manipulates task difficulty and examine the effect of cognitive load on oculomotor behavior in healthy young adults. Participants (N=30) free-viewed a sequence of 100 natural scenes for 10 seconds each, while their eye movements were recorded. After each image, participants completed a 4 alternative forced choice task in which they selected a target object from the previously viewed scene, among 3 distracters of the same object type but from alternate scenes. Following two correct responses, the target object was selected from an image increasingly farther back (N-back) in the image stream; following an incorrect response, N decreased by 1. N-back thus quantifies and individualizes cognitive load. The results show that response latencies increased as N-back increased, and pupil diameter increased with N-back, before decreasing at very high N-back. These findings are consistent with previous studies and confirm that this paradigm was successful in actively engaging working memory, and successfully adapts task difficulty to individual subject’s skill levels. We hypothesized that oculomotor behavior would covary with cognitive load. However, there were no significant differences between the number or duration of fixations and saccades for high/low performing subjects, or between high/low performing trials for a given subject. Similarly, oculomotor behavior did not act as a predictor of correct/incorrect responses with increasing demand from the N-back task. Similarly, the proportion of each scene viewed was not related to N-back and was not a significant predictor of accuracy. These results suggest that cognitive load can be tracked with an adaptive visual search task, but that oculomotor strategies generally do not change as a result of greater cognitive demand in healthy adults.

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Section: Cognitive Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence suggests cognitive load can be measured through pupil diameter, where an increase in cognitive demand is associated with an increase in pupil size [31][32][33][34] . Our results replicate this nding, with a univariate ANOVA reporting a signi cant interaction of pupil size and N-back (F(10) = 1.925, p = 0.038).…”

Section: Pupilometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Cognitive Load Affect Eye Movements/Oculomotor Behavior in Natural Scenes?

Walter¹,

Bex²

2021

Preprint

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“…С точки зрения интересующей нас цели он имеет важное преимущество, так как потенциально позволяет проведение фонового и обладающего достаточной экологической валидностью измерения динамики КН по отношению к решению задач, возникающих в процессе заполнения опросника интервьюером или респондентом. Пока убедительные результаты, позволяющие говорить о сопоставимом качестве измерения ВЗРЗ с помощью наголовных айтрекеров или профессиональных пупиллометров в лабораторных условиях и с помощью камер или удаленных айтрекеров в условиях, приближенных к естественным, получены лишь для простых задач [Klingner, Kumar, Hanrahan, 2008;Rafiqi et al, 2015]. Однако можно говорить и о первых успехах в разработке малореактивных и фоновых способов дистанционного измерения КН при исполнении более сложных множественных задач, осуществляемого без использования лабораторных методов фиксации головы или создающих определенные неудобства наголовных систем и, что немаловажно, за пределами лаборатории.…”

Section: объективные физиологические методы измерения кнunclassified

Through the Eyes of the Interviewer, Through the Eyes of the Respondent: Outlining a New Approach Towards the Assessment of Cognitive Load During the Interview

Девятко¹,

Lebedev²

2017

monitoring of public opinion

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“…We did this to better understand the processes preceding the behavioral decisions observed in the time perception task. Pupil dilation is known to reflect cognitive load (Klingner et al, 2008;Rafiqi et al, 2015;Zagermann et al, 2018) among other states, and number of fixations the relative engagement with the stimulus. Fixation duration and fixation count are two of the most used metrics to measure the level of engagement and visual attention (Just & Carpenter, 1976;Korbach et al, 2018;Tullis et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time perception for visual stimuli is impaired in dyslexia but deficits in visual processing may not be the culprits

Catronas¹,

Sousa²,

Batista³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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It is known that dyslexics underperform controls in time perception tasks using visual stimuli. However, it remains undetermined whether this deficit is secondary to problems in visual, time-unrelated domains, such as luminance contrasts and/or motion processing. To address this gap, we asked adults with dyslexia and matched controls to perform an interval comparison task involving five different types of visual stimuli with different levels of challenge regarding luminance contrasts and motion. Results showed poorer time discrimination in adults with dyslexia, but this group-related disadvantage did not change according to stimulus type. Complementary analyses of oculomotor behavior during the task suggested that the poorer timing performance of dyslexics may relate to attention and/or engagement with the task. Our findings strengthen the evidence in favor of time perception deficits in dyslexia, but they do not support the hypothesis that these are secondary to visual problems.

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PupilWare

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Does Cognitive Load Affect Eye Movements/Oculomotor Behavior in Natural Scenes?

Does Cognitive Load Affect Eye Movements/Oculomotor Behavior in Natural Scenes?

Through the Eyes of the Interviewer, Through the Eyes of the Respondent: Outlining a New Approach Towards the Assessment of Cognitive Load During the Interview

Time perception for visual stimuli is impaired in dyslexia but deficits in visual processing may not be the culprits

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