Pupillary Response to Cognitive Demand in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study

Kahya, Melike; Moon, Sanghee; Lyons, Kelly E.; Pahwa, Rajesh; Akinwuntan, Abiodun Emmanuel; Devos, Hannes

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2018.00090

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Likewise, pupillometry has been used for over five decades as a measure of cognitive workload in the domains of psychophysiology, cognitive neuroscience, and human factor engineering, such as aviation or driving. Only recently has pupillometry received attention in the medical field as a potential marker of disease progression in adults with AD, Parkinson’s disease, and breast cancer [ 15 , 21 , 29 , 32 ]. This rekindled interest in pupillary response to cognitive workload as a marker of cognitive decline warrants an investigation of its psychometric properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the ICA is claimed to be unaffected by changes in eye movements and sampling rate [ 27 ]. The ICA in particular has been used to investigate changes in cognitive workload in individuals at risk of cognitive impairment, including those with Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and breast cancer [ 4 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Overall, the ICA seems to increase with cognitive demand, regardless of disease condition [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ICA in particular has been used to investigate changes in cognitive workload in individuals at risk of cognitive impairment, including those with Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and breast cancer [ 4 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Overall, the ICA seems to increase with cognitive demand, regardless of disease condition [ 29 ]. In addition, some studies report that individuals with increased risk of cognitive impairment show greater ICA compared to controls [ 30 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Psychometric Properties of NASA-TLX and Index of Cognitive Activity as Measures of Cognitive Workload in Older Adults

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cognitive workload is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of performance in cognitive tests and daily life activities. Cognitive workload is a measure of physical and mental effort allocation to a task, which can be determined through self-report or physiological measures. However, the reliability and validity of these measures have not been established in older adults with a wide range of cognitive ability. The aim of this study was to establish the test–retest reliability of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and Index of Cognitive Activity (ICA), extracted from pupillary size. The convergent validity of these measures against event-related potentials (ERPs) was also investigated. A total of 38 individuals with scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment ranging between 17 and 30 completed a working memory test (n-back) with three levels of difficulty at baseline and at a two-week follow-up. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) values of the NASA-TLX ranged between 0.71 and 0.81, demonstrating good to excellent reliability. The mean ICA scores showed fair to good reliability, with ICCs ranging between 0.56 and 0.73. The mean ICA and NASA-TLX scores showed significant and moderate correlations (Pearson’s r ranging between 0.30 and 0.33) with the third positive peak of the ERP at the midline channels. We conclude that ICA and NASA-TLX are reliable measures of cognitive workload in older adults. Further research is needed in dissecting the subjective and objective constructs of cognitive workload.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Psychometric Properties of NASA-TLX and Index of Cognitive Activity as Measures of Cognitive Workload in Older Adults

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous studies have investigated behavioral (e.g., cognitive, motor) and neurophysiological measures [e.g., functional magnetic resonance imagery (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG)] that could predict impaired walking or falls risk in patients with PD ( 2 , 4 – 6 ). Among neurophysiological measures, changes in brain cortical activity during walking have been less studied in patients with PD ( 7 ). Different neurophysiological techniques have been proposed to better examine changes in brain activation during walking in PD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Prefrontal Cortical Activity During Walking and Cognitive Functions Among Patients With Parkinson's Disease

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Walking becomes more and more degraded as Parkinson's Disease (PD) progresses. Previous research examined factors contributing to this deterioration. Among them, changes in brain cortical activity during walking have been less studied in this clinical population.Objectives: This study aimed to: (1) investigate changes in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation during usual walking and dual-task walking conditions in patients with PD; (2) examine the association between cortical activity and behavioral/cognitive outcomes; and (3) explore which factors best predict increased activation of the DLPFC during usual walking.Methods: Eighteen patients with early stage PD and 18 controls performed 4 conditions: (1) standing while subtracting, (2) usual walking, (3) walking while counting forward, and (4) walking while subtracting. Cortical activity in DLPFC, assessed by changes in oxy-hemoglobin (ΔHbO2) and deoxy-hemoglobin (ΔHbR), was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Gait performance was recorded using wearables sensors. Cognition was also assessed using neuropsychological tests, including the Trail Making Test (TMT).Results: DLPFC activity was higher in patients compared to controls during both usual walking and walking while subtracting conditions. Patients had impaired walking performance compared to controls only during walking while subtracting task. Moderate-to-strong correlations between ΔHbO2 and coefficients of variation of all gait parameters were found for usual walking and during walking while counting forward conditions. Part-B of TMT predicted 21% of the variance of ΔHbO2 during usual walking after adjustment for group status.Conclusions: The increased DLPFC activity in patients during usual walking suggests a potential compensation for executive deficits. Understanding changes in DLPFC activity during walking may have implications for rehabilitation of gait in patients with PD.

show abstract

“…The software also extracted the mean pupil size in each trial. We used the variability ( SD ) of pupil size in each task to represent changes in attentional involvement as in other studies with healthy adults and/or PD patients (Ajasse, Benosman, & Lorenceau, 2018; Kahya et al., 2018; Wainstein et al., 2017; Wang, McInnis, Brien, Pari, & Munoz, 2016). For the pupil size measure, we did not consider the 5 first seconds of the trial (Naber, Alvarez, & Nakayama, 2013; Radzius, Welch, Cone, & Henningfield, 1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insight into Parkinson’s disease‐related impairment of the automatic control of upright stance

Bonnet

Delval

Singh

et al. 2020

Eur J of Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects the automatic control of body movements. In our study, we tested PD-related impairments in automatic postural control in quiet upright stance. Twenty PD patients (mean age: 60 ± 8 years; Hoehn and Yahr: 2.00 ± 0.32, on-drug) and twenty age-matched controls (61 ± 7 years) were recruited. We studied interrelations between center-of-pressure movements, body movements (head, neck, and lower back), eye movements and variability of pupil size. Participants performed two fixation tasks while standing, during which they looked at: (a) a cross surrounded by a white background; and (b) a cross surrounded by a structured visual background (images used: rooms in houses). PD patients exhibited stronger and weaker correlations between eye and center-of-pressure/body movement variables than age-matched controls in the white and structured fixation tasks, respectively. Partial correlations, controlling for variability of pupil size showed that PD patients used lower and greater attentional resources than age-matched controls to control their eye and center-of-pressure/body movements simultaneously in the white fixation and structured fixation tasks, respectively. In the white fixation task, PD patients used attentional resources to optimize visuomotor coupling between eye and body movements to control their posture. In the structured fixation task, the salient visual stimuli distracted PD patients' attention and that possibly affected postural control by deteriorating the automatic visuomotor coupling. In contrast, age-matched controls were able to use surrounding visual background to improve the automatic coupling between eye and center-of-pressure movements to control their posture. These results suggest that cluttered environments may distract PD patients and deteriorate their postural control.

show abstract

Pupillary Response to Cognitive Demand in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Psychometric Properties of NASA-TLX and Index of Cognitive Activity as Measures of Cognitive Workload in Older Adults

Psychometric Properties of NASA-TLX and Index of Cognitive Activity as Measures of Cognitive Workload in Older Adults

Changes in Prefrontal Cortical Activity During Walking and Cognitive Functions Among Patients With Parkinson's Disease

New insight into Parkinson’s disease‐related impairment of the automatic control of upright stance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About