Pup contact induces the expression of long form prolactin receptor mRNA in the brain of female rats: effects of ovariectomy and hypophysectomy on receptor gene expression

Sugiyama, Takashi; Minoura, Hiroyuki; Toyoda, Nagayasu; Sakaguchi, Kesami; Tanaka, Minoru; Sudo, Shu; Nakashima, Kenichiro

doi:10.1677/joe.0.1490335

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These studies only investigated mRNA changes in the whole rat cerebrum and, hence, provided no anatomical resolution as to the location of the described changes. In contrast to lack of effect on short form mRNA observed in these studies (Sugiyama et al 1994(Sugiyama et al , 1996, the present study showed that the short form mRNA was also induced in some brain areas. It is likely that the earlier studies using whole cerebrum may have missed some region specific increase in the short form mRNA.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly, levels of expression of PRL-R mRNA are significantly increased in the rat brain during pregnancy (Sugiyama et al 1994, Bakowska & Morrell 1997) and during lactation (Sugiyama et al 1996 and the present data). The mechanisms which mediate the increased expression of PRL-R mRNA are currently unclear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The long form, but not the short form, of PRL-R mRNA was reported to be induced in the rat brain during pregnancy and lactation (Sugiyama et al 1994) or by pup contact (Sugiyama et al 1996). These studies only investigated mRNA changes in the whole rat cerebrum and, hence, provided no anatomical resolution as to the location of the described changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased expression of both short and long forms of prolactin receptor mRNA in hypothalamic nuclei of lactating rats

Grattan²

1999

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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This study investigated expression of prolactin receptor (PRL-R) mRNA in selected hypothalamic nuclei of lactating rats (days 7-10 post partum) compared with dioestrous rats. Rat brains were frozen with liquid nitrogen and cut into coronal sections of 300 µm. From these sections, tissues were micropunched from the parietal cortex (CTX), choroid plexus (ChP), and five hypothalamic regions: supraoptic (SO), paraventricular (Pa), arcuate (Arc) and ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) nuclei, and median eminence (ME). Expression of both short and long forms of PRL-R mRNA were evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR and Southern hybridisation. The results showed that the relative amount of short form mRNA in the ChP of lactating rats was significantly higher than in dioestrous rats. The short form of PRL-R mRNA was undetectable in the SO, Pa, VMH of dioestrous rats but was expressed at a significant level in lactating rats. Levels of long form mRNA in the ChP, SO, Pa and VMH in lactating rats were significantly increased compared with dioestrous rats. Moreover, the long form mRNA was induced in the CTX of lactating rats. In the Arc, levels of both forms of PRL-R mRNA tended to increase in lactating rats compared with dioestrous rats but changes were not statistically significant. Neither form of PRL-R mRNA was detectable in the ME in the two animal models. Increased expression of PRL-R mRNA in specific brain regions during lactation is consistent with the variety of PRL effects on the brain, and may help to explain profound physiological changes in the lactating mother.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased expression of both short and long forms of prolactin receptor mRNA in hypothalamic nuclei of lactating rats

Grattan²

1999

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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“…In addition, it has been reported that PRL enhances its own uptake in the choroid plexus (Mangurian et al 1992). Supporting this function, a high level of PRLR expression in the choroid plexus has been observed during lactation when the plasma PRL level is also high (Muccioli & Di Carlo 1994, Escalada et al 1996, Sugiyama et al 1996, Pi & Grattan 1999, Augustine et al 2003, Pi et al 2003, Nogami et al 2007, Anderson et al 2008. Also, PRLR expression in this brain region increases during the stress response, accompanying an increase in the plasma PRL level (Fujikawa et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Characterization of multiple first exons in murine prolactin receptor gene and the effect of prolactin on their expression in the choroid plexus

Tabata

Kobayashi²,

Ikeda³

et al. 2012

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Prolactin (Prl) receptor (Prlr) gene is expressed in various brain regions, with the highest level present in the choroid plexus, a site for receptor-mediated PRL transport from the blood to cerebrospinal fluid. We investigated the regulatory mechanism of Prlr gene expression by PRL in the murine choroid plexus. We first examined the organization of the alternative first exons in murine Prlr gene. In addition to the three known first exons, mE1 1 , mE1 2 , and mE1 3 , two first exons, mE1 4 and mE1 5 , were newly identified by cDNA cloning. Each first exon variant of Prlr mRNA exhibited tissuespecific or generic expression. In the choroid plexus of mice, the expression levels of mE1 3 -, mE1 4 -, and mE1 5 -Prlr mRNAs were increased in the lactating mice compared with those in the diestrus mice. Furthermore, the expression level of mE1 4 -Prlr mRNA was decreased in the PRL-deficient (Prl K/K ) mice compared with the PRL-normal (Prl C/C and Prl C/K ) mice. In the ovariectomized Prl K/K mice, the expression level of mE1 4 -Prlr mRNA was significantly increased by PRL administration but not by 17b-estradiol administration. The expression levels of the two last exon variants of Prlr mRNAs, encoding the long and short cytoplasmic regions of PRLR, were also increased in the lactating mice and decreased in the Prl K/K mice. These findings suggest that PRL stimulates the Prlr gene expression through the transcriptional activation of mE1 4 first exon, leading to increases in the long-and short-form variants of Prlr mRNA in the murine choroid plexus.

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“…PrL is known to be transported from the blood to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via a PrLr-mediated system in the choroid plexus [37], and PrL enhances its own uptake in the choroid plexus [21]. Many studies have reported an increase in PRLR mrNa levels in the choroid plexus during lactation that correlate with plasma PrL level increases [1,2,13,24,27,30,31,33]. These findings suggest that regulation of PRLR expression in the choroid plexus is critical for PrL action in the brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Prolactin Receptor Gene Expression in the Rat Choroid Plexus via Transcriptional Activation of Multiple First Exons during Postnatal Development and Lactation

et al. 2013

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Prolactin (PRL) has numerous physiological functions that are mediated by its receptors in target cells. Expression of the rat PRL receptor (PRLR) gene is regulated in a tissue-specific manner via the transcriptional activation of five distinct first exons, i.e., E1 1 , E1 2 , E1 3 , E1 4 , and E1 5 . In the present study, we investigated the expression profiles of these first exon variants of PRLR mRNA in the rat choroid plexus, which is considered to be a site of receptor-mediated PRL transport from the blood to cerebrospinal fluid. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that E1 3 -, E1 4 -, and E1 5 -PRLR mRNA expression levels increased in the choroid plexus in male and female rats during postnatal development, with markedly higher level of E1 4 -PRLR mRNA. In female rats, the E1 4 -PRLR mRNA expression levels increased markedly during lactation compared with the diestrus state, whereas there was no increase in the E1 3 -and E1 5 -PRLR mRNA levels. The E1 4 -PRLR mRNA expression pattern was similar to that of the total PRLR mRNA. The PRL plasma concentration generally correlated with the E1 4 -PRLR mRNA expression levels in both sexes. These findings suggest that PRLR gene expression in the choroid plexus is upregulated mainly via the transcriptional activation of the E1 4 -first exon.

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Pup contact induces the expression of long form prolactin receptor mRNA in the brain of female rats: effects of ovariectomy and hypophysectomy on receptor gene expression

Cited by 50 publications

References 19 publications

Increased expression of both short and long forms of prolactin receptor mRNA in hypothalamic nuclei of lactating rats

Increased expression of both short and long forms of prolactin receptor mRNA in hypothalamic nuclei of lactating rats

Characterization of multiple first exons in murine prolactin receptor gene and the effect of prolactin on their expression in the choroid plexus

Regulation of Prolactin Receptor Gene Expression in the Rat Choroid Plexus via Transcriptional Activation of Multiple First Exons during Postnatal Development and Lactation

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