Punishment, Deterrence and Social Control: The Paradox of Punishment in Minority Communities

Fagan, Jeffrey; Meares, Tracey L.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.223148

Cited by 53 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…the justice system and deterrence). Social norms are effective because people internalize them through a socialization process where formal sanctions are reinforced by informal sanctions (Fagan & Meares, 2008). Hirschi (1969) noted that internalizing norms is mediated by attachment to others because adequately socialized children are concerned about the reaction of significant others to their behavior.…”

Section: Control or Social Bond Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Street gang theory and research: Where are we now and where do we go from here?

Wood

Alleyne

2010

Aggression and Violent Behavior

151

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent years have seen an upsurge of attention paid to street gangs as scholars and criminal justice officials strive to understand and counteract the effects of gang membership. Yet, despite a wealth of theoretical frameworks and empirical findings, even fundamental issues such as an agreed definition continue to elude us. We consider some of the most influential theoretical frameworks and associated empirical findings and find that as it stands, our knowledge on gangs is still limited and rather muddy. We suggest that future directions should adopt a more multidisciplinary approach to the study of gangs. To this end, we argue that there is a role for psychology in this important body of work, and that its involvement will provide us with a deeper and more meaningful understanding of gangs and the youth who join them. 3 Running head: Street gangs theory research

show abstract

Section: Control or Social Bond Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Street gang theory and research: Where are we now and where do we go from here?

Wood

Alleyne

2010

Aggression and Violent Behavior

151

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This model must be balanced with a consideration for iatrogenic effects, namely, the negative response by minorities to state-imposed violence (Fagan and Meares 2008). An execution of an oppressed minority might reduce social shame from desertion.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Deterrent Effect of the Death Penalty: Evidence from British Commutations During World War I

Chen,

Horton

2008

SSRN Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During World War I the British military condemned over 3,000 soldiers to death, but executed only approximately 12% of these soldiers; the others received commuted sentences. Many historians believe that the military command confirmed or commuted sentences for reasons unrelated to the circumstances of a particular case and that the application of the death penalty was essentially a random, "pitiless lottery." Using a dataset on all capital cases during WWI, I statically investigate this claim and find that the data are consistent with an essentially random process. Using this result, I exploit variation in commutations and executions within military units to identify the deterrent effect of the death penalty, with deterrence measured by the elapsed time within a unit between the resolution of a death sentence (i.e., a commutation or execution) and subsequent absences within that unit. Absences are measured via "wanted" lists prepared by British military police units searching for deserters. I find limited evidence that executing deserters deterred absences, while executing non-deserters and Irish soldiers, regardless of the crime, spurred absences. This finding is potentially explicable as an iatrogenic effect where minorities react negatively to state-imposed violence. * Duke University, dchen@law.duke.edu. I would like to thank

show abstract

“…In neighborhoods where individuals live amongst others who are prone to violence, the risk of violent victimization is relatively high and might be lowered by gaining a reputation of 'toughness'. Thus, being a violent offender may deter violent predators and thereby prevent future violent victimization (Silverman, 2004;Fagan and Meares, 2008;Dur and Weele, 2012). The large majority of property crimes (larceny, burglary, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Interactions and Crime Revisited: An Investigation Using Individual Offender Data in Dutch Neighborhoods

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using data on the age, sex, ethnicity and criminal involvement of 14.3 million residents aged 10-89 residing in 4,007 neighborhoods in the Netherlands, this article tests whether an individual's decision whether or not to be involved in crime is affected by the number of criminals in the neighborhood. Controlling for unobserved neighborhood heterogeneity and endogeneity of this decision, a small positive effect is found on violent crime, but not on property crime. The results suggest that individual characteristics and other neighborhood characteristics play a much greater role in an individual's decision to be involved in crime.

show abstract

Punishment, Deterrence and Social Control: The Paradox of Punishment in Minority Communities

Abstract: Since the early 1970s, the number of individuals in jails and

Cited by 53 publications

References 39 publications

Street gang theory and research: Where are we now and where do we go from here?

Street gang theory and research: Where are we now and where do we go from here?

The Deterrent Effect of the Death Penalty: Evidence from British Commutations During World War I

Social Interactions and Crime Revisited: An Investigation Using Individual Offender Data in Dutch Neighborhoods

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About