Punch in the gut: parasite tolerance of phytochemicals reflects host diet

Palmer‐Young, Evan C.; Schwarz, Ryan S.; Chen, Yanping; Evans, Jay D.

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.15981

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Growth was estimated by measurement of optical density (OD) at 600 nm in 5 min intervals for 24 h, with a 30 s shake before each read. Growth rate was calculated as the maximum slope of ln(OD) vs. time over a rolling 4 h window, after exclusion of the first 3 h to allow OD to stabilize (15, 51, 58). Samples for which the r-squared value for the growth rate fell below 0.9 (vs. >0.98 for all non-acidified samples) were considered to have a negligible growth rate and were assigned a rate of 0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperatures augment inhibition of parasites by a honey bee gut symbiont

Palmer‐Young¹,

Markowitz

Huang³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Temperature affects growth, metabolism, and interspecific interactions in microbial communities. Within animal hosts, gut bacterial symbionts can provide resistance to parasitic infections. Infection can also be shaped by host body temperature. However, the effects of temperature on the antiparasitic activities of gut symbionts have seldom been explored. The Lactobacillus-rich gut microbiota of facultatively endothermic honey bees is subject to seasonal and ontogenetic changes in host temperature that could alter the effects of symbionts against parasites. We used cell cultures of a Lactobacillus symbiont and an important trypanosomatid gut parasite of honey bees to test the potential for temperature to shape parasite-symbiont interactions. We found that symbionts showed greater heat tolerance than parasites and chemically inhibited parasite growth via production of acids. Acceleration of symbiont growth and acid production at high temperatures resulted in progressively stronger antiparasitic effects across a temperature range typical of bee colonies. Consequently, the presence of symbionts reduced both peak growth rate and heat tolerance of parasites. Results suggest that the endothermic behavior of honey bees could potentiate the effectiveness of gut symbionts that limit parasite ability to withstand high temperature, implicating thermoregulation as a reinforcer of core symbioses and possibly microbiome-mediated antiparasitic defense. Importance: Two factors that shape the resistance of animals to infection are body temperature and gut microbiota. However, temperature can also alter interactions among microbes, raising the question of whether and how temperature changes the antiparasitic effects of gut microbiota. Honey bees are agriculturally important hosts of diverse parasites and infection-mitigating gut microbes. They can also socially regulate their body temperatures to an extent unusual for an insect. We show that high temperatures found in honey bee colonies augment the ability of a gut bacterial symbiont to inhibit growth of a common bee parasite and reduce the parasite&#39s ability to grow at high temperatures. This suggests that fluctuations in colony and body temperatures across life stages and seasons could alter the protective value of bees&#39 gut microbiota against parasites, and that temperature-driven changes in gut microbiota could be an underappreciated mechanism by which temperature— including endothermy and fever— alters animal infection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperatures augment inhibition of parasites by a honey bee gut symbiont

Palmer‐Young¹,

Markowitz

Huang³

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…As far as we know, there is no report of flavonoid impacts on Crithidia sp. in bumble bees, but Palmer-Young et al [119] studied flavonoid impacts in vitro on C. mellificae (host: honey bees) and C. fasciculata (host: mosquitoes). They found no effect on Crithidia spp.…”

Section: Slight Detrimental Impacts Of Flavonoid Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree-dimensional resources: hedgerow and orchard pollen for bumble bees

Gekière,

Michel,

Semay

et al. 2023

Comptes Rendus. Chimie

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Intensive landscape modifications have led to the loss of floral resources, partly in early spring when bumble bee queens need suitable pollen to establish their brood. Adequate floral resources are also crucial to mitigate parasite infection, a stress compromising reproductive success. Among early blooming trees, willows represent an important and highly suitable pollen resource. Alas, riparian areas and their associated willows have been declining. In this study, we found that hedgerow and orchard pollen were at least as suitable as willow pollen for bumble bee survival and microcolony development. Moreover, orchard pollen seemed an interesting candidate to help reduce parasite infection, but unlikely due to its flavonoids. Such non-willow trees could then be favoured in agri-environmental schemes implemented in bee conservation strategies, but pollen chemicals underlying beneficial effects remain to be determined.

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“…Hence, a direction with significant potential for gut microbial research is the manipulation of particular gut microbes for efficient management of pest infestations (Berasategui et al, 2016). Insect gut bacteria are significantly influenced by environmental factors, such as location, food type, and growth conditions (Liu et al, 2018;Yu et al, 2021;da Silva et al, 2022;Hendrycks et al, 2022;Palmer-Young et al, 2022). During the larval stages, hosts can profoundly influence key adaptive traits in adults during development and are an important manifestation of insect-host interactions (Portman et al, 2015;Pocius et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of host shift on the gut microbes of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Tian,

Chen,

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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BackgroundGut microbes play an important role in the adaptation of insects. Polyphagous insects usually undergo changes in gut microbiota after host shift. The Bactrocera cucurbitae have a wide range of hosts, but the dynamic of gut microorganisms during host shift have not been thoroughly investigated. To understand the role of gut microbes in insect adaptation, it is necessary to study the dynamics of insect gut microorganisms during host transfer.MethodsUsing Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its four hosts as study subjects, we investigated the dynamics of gut microbes during host transfer and the effects of different hosts on the gut microbial composition of B. cucurbitae.ResultsThe results showed that the Chao1 index of B. cucurbitae decreased significantly during host transfer, and the intestinal microorganisms were significantly affected by the original host, host, and generations. Furthermore, predicated changes in the abundance of secondary metabolite pathways after host transfer suggested that microorganisms may play an important role in the degradation of secondary metabolites, among which Providencia and Morganella have important functions in the gut of B. cucurbitae.ConclusionThis implied that microorganisms play a function in the host transfer process of B. cucurbitae and may be an important cofactor in the adaptation of B. cucurbitae to different hosts and environments, providing new research ideas for the future control of B. cucurbitae.

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Punch in the gut: parasite tolerance of phytochemicals reflects host diet

Cited by 5 publications

References 101 publications

High temperatures augment inhibition of parasites by a honey bee gut symbiont

High temperatures augment inhibition of parasites by a honey bee gut symbiont

Tree-dimensional resources: hedgerow and orchard pollen for bumble bees

Effect of host shift on the gut microbes of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

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