Pulses in Negative Point-to-Plane Corona

Loeb, Leonard B.; Kip, A. F.; Hudson, Gilbert Glover; Bennett, Willard H.

doi:10.1103/physrev.60.714

Cited by 186 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…27 Additionally, the influence of ionization voltage on ionization efficiency was also investigated. At a constant flow rate of 200 nL/min, ionization voltage was adjusted in the range of 1.5−3.5 kV with a step size of 0.5 kV and different ion intensities were recorded, as shown in Figure S4.…”

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confidence: 99%

Generating Electrospray Ionization on Ballpoint Tips

Xia

Gao

et al. 2016

Anal. Chem.

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In this study, we report a simple and economical ballpoint electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (BP-ESI-MS) technique. This combines a small ballpoint tip with a syringe pump for the direct loading and ionization of various samples in different phases (including solution, semisolid, and solid) and allows for additional applications in surface analysis. The tiny metal ball on the ballpoint tip exhibits a larger surface for ionization than that of a conventional sharp tip end, resulting in higher ionization efficiency and less sample consumption. The adamant properties of the ballpoint tip allow sampling by simply penetrating or scraping various surfaces, such as a fruit peel, paper, or fabric. Complex samples, such as fine herbal powders and small solid samples, could be stored in the hollow space in the ballpoint socket and subsequently extracted online, which greatly facilitated MS analysis with little to no sample preparation. Positive ion mode was attempted, and various compounds, including amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and alkaloids, were detected from different types of samples. The results demonstrated that the special and excellent physical characteristics of ballpoint tips allowed for fast and convenient sampling and ionization for mass spectrometry analysis by the BP-ESI-MS method.E lectrospray ionization (ESI) is a powerful mass spectrometric (MS) technique for the analysis of various compounds. In conventional ESI, intact ions are generated from large and complex species in solution upon application of a high voltage to the capillary. The development of nanoelectrospray ionization (nano-ESI), 1,2 which utilizes capillaries of ∼5 μm inner diameter, allows for less consumption of samples. However, capillary-based ESI techniques are prone to clogging and thus usually require time-consuming sample preparation prior to ESI-MS analysis. Along with the emergence of ambient ionization techniques, e.g., desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), 3 extractive electrospray ionization (EESI), 4 and other successively invented techniques, 5−7 the development of ESI on solid substrates (solid-substrate ESI) has significantly facilitated the direct analysis of complex samples with little to no sample preparation, extending the applications of ESI-MS. In the past 2 decades, various materials such as wick element, 8 copper wire, 9 metal needle, 10−12 optical fiber wired with a metal coil, 13,14 surface-modified glass rod, 15 and nanostructured tungsten oxide 16 have been successfully developed as emitters for ESI, which have improved the sampling and ionization processes and facilitated the analysis of various types of samples. Recently, the analysis of samples on surfaces or in difficult-to-access corners was accomplished by paper spray 17,18 or wooden tip 19 ESI-MS. Currently, solidsubstrate ESI techniques have been further extended to direct mass spectrometric analysis of biological tissue. 20−23 Because the ionization conditions of noncapillary ESI, such as loading of sample solutions on...

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confidence: 99%

Generating Electrospray Ionization on Ballpoint Tips

Xia

Gao

et al. 2016

Anal. Chem.

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“…Several studies on the Trichel pulse have been conducted. Loeb et al [9] affirmed the existence of the Trichel pulse only in electronegative gases. Lama and Gallo [10] designed several experiments to determine the dependence of pulse frequency and corona current on applied voltage, cathode diameter, and gap length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A corona discharge in electronegative gas can be classified into three phases [7]: (1) auto-stabilization, (2) Trichel pulse, and (3) continuous current discharge. Trichel pulses [8] are normally regular pulses with a short duration (tens of ns) and a pulse period of several ms. Trichel pulses only occur in electronegative gases, such as air [9], whereas in electropositive gas, such as nitrogen, a corona discharge exists in continuous current without a pulse. Research on the characteristics of negative corona discharge in electronegative gas has been promoted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space and Time Domain Finite Volume Method for Numerical Simulation of Negative Corona Discharge in Air

Wang¹

2016

Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

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-In this paper, a space and time domain finite volume method is proposed to study the characteristics of space charges on a bar-to-plate geometry. Three ionic species, namely, positive ions, negative ions, and electrons, are considered. A finite element method is used to solve Poisson's equation, and a finite volume method is used to solve charge transport equation. Different time steps based on space domain and time domain are applied to improve computational efficiency when solving the charge transport equation. Four points are marked to indicate the characteristics of a Trichel pulse. Density distributions of three ionic species and electrical field strength along the axis are presented. Trichel pulses on a bar-to-plate geometry are simulated and compared with the experimental results. Good agreements are obtained, thereby confirming the validity of the proposed method.

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“…By increasing the applied voltage, before breakdown and in certain particular configurations (spherical or conical protuberance) another type of discharge is observed, which is called negative streamers [Loeb, 1941].…”

Section: Negative Streamersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations numériques des vibrations induites par effet de couronne sur un court conducteur soumis à une pluie artificielle /

Derakhshanian¹

2001

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Pulses in Negative Point-to-Plane Corona

Cited by 186 publications

References 9 publications

Generating Electrospray Ionization on Ballpoint Tips

Generating Electrospray Ionization on Ballpoint Tips

Space and Time Domain Finite Volume Method for Numerical Simulation of Negative Corona Discharge in Air

Simulations numériques des vibrations induites par effet de couronne sur un court conducteur soumis à une pluie artificielle /

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