Pulsed nanosecond electric discharges in gases

Mesyats, G. A.; Bychkov, Yu. I.; Kremnev, V. V.

doi:10.3367/ufnr.0107.197206b.0201

Cited by 54 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…In [11][12][13] it was shown, that the breakdown of long gaps at high pressure of gases occurs in the form of the ionization wave which characterized by an amplification of electric field strength in the zone of its front. Features of formation of high-voltages nanosecond discharges in the uniform electric field have been analyzed in the reviews [14,15]. In [1] the leading role of runaway electrons in the process of breakdown and subsequent discharge dynamics is noted, and in [16] the concept of breakdown of the discharge gap under these conditions of excitation in the form of the wave of a background electrons multiplication was presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakdown features of a high-voltage nanosecond discharge initiated with runaway electrons at subnanosecond voltage pulse rise time

Ломаев¹,

Белоплотов

Тарасенко

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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In the wide pressure range of the pure nitrogen and sulfur hexafluoride with small admixture of nitrogen (2,5%) the development of the breakdown during the formation of diffuse discharges initiated by runaway electrons and X-Ray was investigated. Nanosecond voltage pulses of both polarities with an amplitude up to ~300 kV and risetime of ~0.5 ns applied across the discharge gap did provide sharply nonuniform electric field distribution. Estimations of average propagation velocity of the ionization wave in the nitrogen and mixture sulfur hexafluoride with nitrogen were performed on the basis of data on dynamics of radiation intensity of the second positive (2 + ) nitrogen system from various regions along of the longitudinal axis of interelectrode gap. Interrelation between the glow dynamics and the local value of the electric field strength has been defined. The results showed that the breakdown is developed in the form of the ionization wave propagating from the potential electrode with the highest concentration of the electric field to the flat-grounded one. In the regions near the grounded electrode practically simultaneous increasing of radiation intensity is registered, that indicates on a possible change of the breakdown mechanism in this part of the discharge gap.Index Terms -Gas discharges, electric breakdown, high-voltage breakdown, ionization wave propagation, spontaneous emission, electric fields.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakdown features of a high-voltage nanosecond discharge initiated with runaway electrons at subnanosecond voltage pulse rise time

Ломаев¹,

Белоплотов

Тарасенко

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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“…In a pulsed nanosecond discharge [3,4], the conditions can be realized in which the time of discharge channel formation is less than the voltage pulse duration. Then the volume discharge is formed under conditions of multielectron initiation when the initial voltage exceeds the static breakdown voltage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only in [9] the volume discharge was realized in air at atmospheric pressure and near the tip anode (the electrode of a shear discharger). The volume discharges initiated in comparatively short interelectrode gaps or with preionization sources were investigated in [1][2][3][4].The present study investigates the influence of polarity and radius of curvature of the electrodes on the formation of the volume pulsed discharge without pre-ionization source under application of nanosecond voltage pulses of comparatively high amplitude (~100 kV).In our experiments we used the pulse generator of the ARINA x-ray apparatus [4]. The open-circuit gap voltage was about 150 kV and the leading pulse edge duration was less than 1 ns.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of a volume discharge in air at atmospheric pressure upon application of nanosecond high-voltage pulses

Kostyrya

Тарасенко

2004

Russ Phys J

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Volume self-sustained discharges in gases at high pressure are formed with the use of pre-ionization sources and are widely used for pulsed laser pumping [1,2]. In a pulsed nanosecond discharge [3,4], the conditions can be realized in which the time of discharge channel formation is less than the voltage pulse duration. Then the volume discharge is formed under conditions of multielectron initiation when the initial voltage exceeds the static breakdown voltage.In [5][6][7][8][9], the volume pulsed discharge was initiated in air and other gases at atmospheric pressure without preionization source. To this end, nanosecond high-voltage pulses (~100 kV and more) with a leading pulse edge duration of ~1 ns and less were applied to the gap in [5][6][7][8][9]. The anode was flat, and the cathode had a small radius of curvature. With increase in the interelectrode gap, a pulse corona discharge was observed under these conditions. The main difference between volume and corona pulsed discharges is that in the corona discharge, the gas is ionized only in a part of the gap with the highest electric field strength. In the volume discharge, the gas is ionized in the entire gap, which allows high current densities on the anode (~3 kA/cm 2 ), high specific deposited power (~1 J/cm 3 ), and high specific pump power density (~400 MW/cm 3 ) to be obtained [6][7][8][9]. The diffusion discharge with a brighter central channel was realized in [10] when the voltage pulse duration increased up to 170 ns and the leading edge pulse duration increased up to 10 ns. This means that the discharge constriction is observed with increasing pulse duration. However, in [5-10] much attention was given to the study of the discharge initiated in gaps with the potential cathode having a small radius of curvature, and the influence of voltage pulse polarity and a decrease in the strength of electric field applied to the gap on the formation of the volume discharge was not investigated. Only in [9] the volume discharge was realized in air at atmospheric pressure and near the tip anode (the electrode of a shear discharger). The volume discharges initiated in comparatively short interelectrode gaps or with preionization sources were investigated in [1][2][3][4].The present study investigates the influence of polarity and radius of curvature of the electrodes on the formation of the volume pulsed discharge without pre-ionization source under application of nanosecond voltage pulses of comparatively high amplitude (~100 kV).In our experiments we used the pulse generator of the ARINA x-ray apparatus [4]. The open-circuit gap voltage was about 150 kV and the leading pulse edge duration was less than 1 ns. The voltage pulse polarity could be both positive and negative. The pulse duration at half-maximum was ~2 ns for the volume discharge. Three types of the potential metal electrodes were used, including a sphere 40 mm in diameter (electrode No. 1), a tube 6 mm in diameter fabricated from a foil 50 µm thick (electrode No. 2), and a tip (electrode No. 3). The e...

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“…The negative charge of the electron cloud formed at the plasma boundary and the increasing voltage across the gap also accelerate some electrons to energies from a few to several tens of kiloelectron-volts. It was supposed [50] that electrons can be ejected from the head of an avalanche by an excess negative charge and this results in the formation of avalanche chains [50]. However, the mechanism of the polarization selfacceleration of particles to high energies, in particular of the acceleration of electrons at the head of a positive streamer, has been proposed by Askar'yan [51].…”

Section: On the Mechanism Of Generation Of The Runaway Electron Beammentioning

confidence: 99%

On the generation of supershort avalanche electron beams and x radiation during nanosecond discharges in dense gases (results and discussion)

et al. 2007

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Results of investigations of the generation of subnanosecond runaway electron beams and x radiation in gas diodes at elevated pressures are presented. The energy distributions of runaway electron beams generated in air at atmospheric pressure and the amplitude and duration of beam current pulses downstream of the foil have been measured, and also the mechanism of generation of a runaway electron beam has been analyzed. To record the beam current pulses, a collector which provided ~50-ps time resolution and a Tektronix TDS6604 real-time oscilloscope were used in the experiment. It has been shown that the new experimental data and model predictions confirm in the main the results earlier obtained at the Institute of High Current Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Division. Evidence is cited that the key statements of L. P. Babich are erroneous.

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Pulsed nanosecond electric discharges in gases

Cited by 54 publications

References 2 publications

Breakdown features of a high-voltage nanosecond discharge initiated with runaway electrons at subnanosecond voltage pulse rise time

Breakdown features of a high-voltage nanosecond discharge initiated with runaway electrons at subnanosecond voltage pulse rise time

Formation of a volume discharge in air at atmospheric pressure upon application of nanosecond high-voltage pulses

On the generation of supershort avalanche electron beams and x radiation during nanosecond discharges in dense gases (results and discussion)

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