“…Atomically sharp interfaces can be produced by characterizing growing films in-situ using electron beam diffraction and ion scattering techniques (e.g., RHEED and TOF-ISARS, respectively). PLD also allows producing non-planar micro-structures and nano-structures, for example ZnO based quantum well heterostructures on vertical ZnO nano-wires 16 , piezoelectrics based on ZnO 20, 21 , and glass doped with rare earth elements 22 . Nano-composite HTS layers based on YBCO yield enhanced critical current density 23 .…”