Pulsed Laser Deposition of Metals

Krebs, Hans‐Ulrich

doi:10.1002/9780470052129.ch16

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…During metal ablation, microdroplets are often ejected from the target toward the substrate and incorporated into the film . They are detrimental for electrochemical applications where a smooth solid–liquid interface is of major importance for a thorough investigation of catalytic processes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed those findings (Figure C,D). This might be explained by the fact that microdroplets are mainly ejected toward larger angles compared to the substrate surface normal . Consequently, by increasing the target‐substrate distance, fewer microdroplets reach the substrate surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of a background gas was examined introducing O 2 or Ar into the vacuum chamber using a partial pressure of 1.5 × 10 −2 mbar and the same deposition parameters as for the growth of the 12 nm thick Pt film depicted in Figure A. The background gas affects both, the kinetic energy of the ablated species through collisions, as well as the deposition rate due to a confinement of the ablation plume through scattering events . Figure B shows the combined effect on the film morphology.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several deposition techniques can in principle be used to produce thin Pt films. They vary from electrodeposition, sputtering, e‐beam evaporation, and atomic layer deposition to PLD . PLD is a technique used for the thin films preparation for a variety of materials .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By an appropriate tuning of the deposition parameters and selection of a suitable substrate, stress induced lattice distortions, i.e., compressive or tensile strain of the unit cell, can in fact be obtained throughout the thin film. In addition, it has been shown that due to an enhanced surface mobility, improved crystallographic textures have been observed in PLD films of metals in comparison to sputtered samples. PLD represents therefore a suitable technique for engineering Pt films exhibiting both strain and preferential (single) crystallographic orientation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Tuning the Surface Electrochemistry by Strained Epitaxial Pt Thin Film Model Electrodes Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Temmel

Fabbri

Pergolesi

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Inter

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toward different reactions such as methanol [ 1 ] or ethanol [ 2,3 ] oxidation, hydrogen oxidation, [ 4 ] and oxygen reduction reaction. [ 5,6 ] However, the slow kinetics of some of these reactions results in great losses concerning the respective energy conversion effi ciencies. This drawback, together with Pt dissolution phenomena requires a large amount of Pt at the electrode. The accompanying cost and scarcity of Pt represent the prime impediments toward a broad practical application of fuel cells. Electrode interface properties play a decisive role in controlling the electrocatalytic performance. [ 7 ] Since Pt-based materials are to date the best electrocatalysts for these reactions, [ 8 ] extensive research has been dedicated to develop novel Pt-based catalyst architectures with a specifi cally tailored electrode-electrolyte interface. In recent years it has been demonstrated that strain on metal surfaces can have a signifi cant impact on the adsorbate's binding energies and on the activation energy barrier for adsorption processes. [ 9 ] In this regard, core-shell nanoparticles (NPs), where an outer monolayer (ML) of Pt is supported on another metal [ 10,11 ] or on Pt-alloy NPs [ 12 ] have been designed. The strain in these systems is generated due to the difference in lattice constant between the outer ML and the core of the NP. When the top ML adapts its crystal lattice to the underlying core lattice, depending on the sign of the lattice misfi t the ensuing stress induces tensile or compressive lattice distortions (strain).In general, surface strain can also be generated by deposition of ultrathin (few ML thick) metal fi lms on substrates. [ 3,[13][14][15] One strategy utilizes the galvanic displacement of an underpotentially deposited (UPD) copper-ML by Pt on various substrates. [ 3,13 ] The strained Pt MLs reveal a substantial increase in activity toward methanol and ethanol electrooxidation. The electrochemical behavior of ultrathin Pt fi lms of varying thickness evaporated on Ru(0001) substrates was also examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). [ 16 ] It was found that the reversible adsorption of H and OH strongly depends on the Pt thickness and in turn the extent of the strain induced in the Pt surface. Recently, another approach involved growing ultrathin Pt fi lms on W(111) substrates with varying Pt thickness of 2.2, 3.3, and A novel approach for tailoring strained Pt model electrocatalysts using pulsed laser deposition is presented. The physical properties of Pt fi lms grown on single-crystalline (100)-and (111)-oriented strontium titanate depend signifi cantly on the various deposition parameters (e.g., fl uence, temperature, background atmosphere, postannealing, and number of process steps), as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray studies. By properly selecting the deposition conditions, thin, epitaxial, and strained (100)-and (111)-oriented Pt fi lms suitable as model electrodes can be prepared. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicate that the strain in the Pt fi lms changes sig...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%