Pulsed laser ablation of bulk target and particle products in liquid for nanomaterial fabrication

Abstract

Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) is gradually becoming an attractive approach for nanomaterial fabrication because it is a chemically simple and clean method with high product purity. We studied the laser interaction with bulk target and particle products in detail, including mechanism process, target morphology and nanoparticle products. We captured three oscillations of one bubble after laser ablates the bulk target and calculated the variation of pressure and temperature inside the bubble. The results show that the first bubble oscillation has greatest impact on the nanomaterial synthesis, and the most powerful stages for the material synthesis during all the bubble oscillations are the beginning of each expansions and the end of each shrinks. Nanomaterial releases from the bubble at the end of each oscillations. In addition, based on the analysis of ablation cavity on the target, it is found that the cavity depth increases with the number of laser pulses, and then the depth tends to be under saturation status, which means it is difficult to obtain great improvement of the nanomaterial productivity just by prolonging the laser irradiation time. More importantly, the strong interaction between laser and particle products is presented clearly by time-resolved shadowgraphy, which can contributed to the modification of nanoparticle products.

Current Strategies for Noble Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis

“…Different techniques have Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the top-down (images with the green background) and bottom-up (images with pale yellow background) approaches of nanoparticle synthesis, the image was adapted and redrawn from [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] been developed in order to overcome these constraints, including shaker mills, tumbler mills, vibratory mills, attrition mills and planetary mills.…”

“…At a higher flux, the materials are converted to plasma. The lack of requirement to remove excess reagents as well as the possibility of metal nanoparticle synthesis in both aqueous and organic solvents has enabled the implementation of the laser ablation method in biomedical applications such as the in situ conjugation of biomolecules with MNPs, which has been proved to be more effective than standard techniques [ 54 , 94 , 95 ].…”

Cement-Based Piezoelectricity Application: A Theoretical Approach

“…Next, we introduce a brief description of the gold nanoparticles' physical synthesis [19,20]. They are produced by laser ablation at 532 nm.…”

ZnO Nanoparticle/Graphene Hybrid Photodetectors via Laser Fragmentation in Liquid

“…Alternatively, a ligand-free synthesis technique that has been widely studied is pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL), which relies on laser-matter interactions for the generation of nanostructures typically from bulk materials [43]. There has been much research conducted on the generation of ZnO nanoparticles via PLAL; however, typical experiments involve the use of either a solid Zn or a ZnO target submerged in a liquid medium [43][44][45][46][47]. In this work, we begin with a ZnO particle powder dispersed in water and use PLFL to create smaller, more uniform nanoparticles.…”