Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Nasopharyngeal Flora in Children Attending a Day Care Center

Yano, Hisakazu; Suetake, Mitsuko; Kuga, Akio; Irinoda, Kazuhiko; Okamoto, Ryoichi; Kobayashi, Toshimitsu; Inoue, Matsuhisa

doi:10.1128/jcm.38.2.625-629.2000

Cited by 74 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A previous study has found that clusters of infection with M. catarrhalis typically last 2 to 6 weeks (18). In the present study, colonization with some strains was detected only once, and the strains soon being replaced by others.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

A prospective study of intrafamilial transmission and antimicrobial susceptibility of Moraxella catarrhalis

Masaki¹,

Qin

ZhaoYan

et al. 2011

Microbiology and Immunology

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Moraxella catarrhalis has been recognized as a particularly threatening respiratory tract pathogen in humans. A prospective study was performed to investigate which strains of M. catarrhalis can be transmitted within families; the study also addressed features of antimicrobial susceptibility. Seventy-five strains were isolated from six participants between July 2002 and February 2004, including 73 that were verified as beta-lactamase-producing strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested for six types of antibiotics and no treatment issues were found. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on all strains and 25 independent PFGE patterns were detected. The dominant pattern L (defined in the present study) was found in 21 (28%) of strains that were continuously recovered from children from the same family over an 8-month period. Strains with the patterns G, J, L, M, R, S, U, and W seemed to spread among the children, but there was no evidence of child-parent transmission. In the present study, the characteristics of M. catarrhalis within families have been documented, and PFGE profiles found to reveal alternating colonization and intrafamilial transmission.Key words antimicrobial susceptibility, intrafamilial transmission, Moraxella catarrhalis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidasepositive diplococcus that is frequently detected in the pharynx, especially in the young (1). M. catarrhalis causes sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and meningitis (2-4). Furthermore, 15-20% of episodes of AOM are caused by this organism, which is recognized as one of the predominant causes of AOM (5-8). M. catarrhalis has also been reported to cause exacerbation of COPD through chronic colonization of the airways (9).Previous studies have shown that M. catarrhalis colonizes the upper respiratory tract of 1-10.4% of adults and 28-100% of infants in the first year of life, (10, 11), which seems to suggest that the prevalence of coloniza- tion is dependent on age. Many studies have characterized M. catarrhalis isolated from children at daycare centers and documented a high prevalence rate and child-to-child transmission routes (12)(13)(14). M. catarrhalis has also been reported to spread among children and their parents or siblings at home (15), which indicates possible ITRs. Furthermore, multi-year longitudinal surveillance has confirmed M. catarrhalis to be a common component of flora during 235 child-months of observation (16). These studies indicate that long-term colonization among children is quite common. Since M. catarrhalis colonization is recognized to be an important risk factor in many infections, such as AOM and exacerbation of COPD, documenting

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

A prospective study of intrafamilial transmission and antimicrobial susceptibility of Moraxella catarrhalis

Masaki¹,

Qin

ZhaoYan

et al. 2011

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…However, 14 of 38 clinical isolates were refractory to digestion with NotI (9). As for some M. catarrhalis strains, it was very difficult to obtain PFGE bands with NotI and NheI for unknown reasons (27). On the other hand, it was noted that NotI had the most discriminatory power with 8 to 10 fragments, though SpeI and NheI produced readily comparable banding patterns (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the persistence of M. catarrhalis infection, Klingman et al (10) indicated that the duration of colonization by the same strain was 2.3 months in patients with bronchiectasis. Yano et al (27) reported that occurrence of clusters of infection with M. catarrhalis lasted 2 to 6 weeks in children attending a day care center. Our results for room 321 might be the proof of mutual contamination by a persisting strain in the room.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However these methods could not satisfactorily discriminate interstrain variability (2,6,7,12,16,17,22,24). Recent studies have indicated that pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a suitable tool to confirm the interstrain genetic relatedness (9,10,12,23,27). PFGE generates large fragments of DNA, which are easier to compare than many smaller fragments of DNA produced by the restriction fragments length polymorphism (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Possible Relationship of PFGE Patterns of Moraxella catarrhalis between Hospital‐ and Community‐Acquired Respiratory Infections in a Community Hospital

Masaki¹,

Asoh

Kawazoe³

et al. 2003

Microbiology and Immunology

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Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis is an aerobic gram-negative, oxidase positive diplococcus, and was once considered a nonpathogenic commensal of the upper respiratory tract. However it has been regarded as a potential pathogen since the mid-1980s (6). In many countries, M. catarrhalis has become the third most common cause of bacterial lower respiratory tract infection after Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae (3). In general, M. catarrhalis is also recognized as a major cause of community-acquired respiratory infections (18,26), otitis media, and sinusitis (4), and a cause of nosocomial respiratory infections (1,5,8,15,19,20). While nosocomial outbreaks of M. catarrhalis were suspected in previous studies, confirmation was hampered by the lack of an established typing system. In fact, several epidemiological typing methods have been used to characterize strains of M. catarrhalis such as phenotypic characterization, electrophoretic mobility of esterases, outer membrane proteins, whole-cell proteins, plasmid profiles, isoelectric focusing of β-lactamase A and B). Of the three patterns, two patterns (A and B) were found in both inpatients and outpatients. More interestingly, two subtypes of pattern B (B1 and B4) were simultaneously found in both inpatients and outpatients. Our results indicated that PFGE with SmaI chromosomal digestion is a suitable technique to establish the inter-strain genetic relatedness of M. catarrhalis, and suggested that the outbreak of M. catarrhalis occasionally included miscellaneous PFGE patterns. The results also showed that PFGE patterns of M. catarrhalis isolates were similar between hospitaland community-acquired respiratory infections. Analysis of the subtypes suggested that there might be some association between hospital-and community-acquired respiratory infections caused by M. catarrhalis.

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“…McClelland et al (1987) described a number of restriction enzymes suitable for genome analysis of low guanine‐cytosine organisms. Other studies (Yano et al 1999; Verduin et al 2000; Masaki et al 2003) have demonstrated that Not I, Sma I and Spe I are the most suitable for Mor. catarrhalis analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A comparison of molecular typing methods for Moraxella catarrhalis

Pingault

Lehmann

Bowman

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: Three molecular typing techniques were examined to determine which method was the most discriminatory in order to perform epidemiological typing of Moraxella catarrhalis. Methods and Results: Twenty‐five Mor. catarrhalis isolates obtained from nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal children were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, automated ribotyping and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RAPD analysis determined two Mor. catarrhalis types, automated ribotyping with PstI determined four Mor. catarrhalis ribogroups and PFGE analysis with NotI determined 21 pulse field groups within the 25 isolates examined. Conclusions: Analysis of discrimination index and typeability demonstrated that PFGE is the most discriminatory method for typing Mor. catarrhalis. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study confirms that PFGE is the most appropriate molecular tool for the epidemiological study of Mor. catarrhalis.

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Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Nasopharyngeal Flora in Children Attending a Day Care Center

Cited by 74 publications

References 14 publications

A prospective study of intrafamilial transmission and antimicrobial susceptibility of Moraxella catarrhalis

A prospective study of intrafamilial transmission and antimicrobial susceptibility of Moraxella catarrhalis

Possible Relationship of PFGE Patterns of Moraxella catarrhalis between Hospital‐ and Community‐Acquired Respiratory Infections in a Community Hospital

A comparison of molecular typing methods for Moraxella catarrhalis

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