Pulsed Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: Basic Principles, Techniques, and Examples of Applications [New Analytical Methods (43)]

Abstract

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has recently undergone a major innovative advance, which is described by the magical phrase pulsed ESR. To the spectroscopist who rubs this Aladdin's lamp there now opens up the mysterious world of spin acrobatics with its many novel and surprising phenomena. The use of pulse techniques makes it possible to reduce measurement times, increase sensitivity, improve resolution and simplify spectra. This article describes the most important pulse techniques used in ESR spectroscopy. Mathematical descriptions are kept to a minimum, space being devoted instead to examples of applications in various areas of chemical research.

A Q-Band Pulse EPR/ENDOR Spectrometer and the Implementation of Advanced One- and Two-Dimensional Pulse EPR Methodology

“…Recently, pulse EPR spectroscopy 1 On leave from MRS Laboratory, Kazan State University, Kazan, 420008, Tatarstan, Russian Federation.…”

“…Pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has become an important spectroscopic tool in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science to evaluate small hyperfine interactions and nuclear quadrupole couplings in solids, to study short-lived paramagnetic species, and to investigate the dynamics of paramagnetic compounds (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). In particular, one-and two-dimensional electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) techniques and pulse electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) methods have become very popular in the past couple of years.…”

Transition Metals in Llano Vermiculite Samples: An EPR Study

“…To exclude that paramagnetic species such as VOID and Fe(II), which give no EPR signal at RT, contributed to the pulse EPR measurements at 3.7 K, echo-detected EPR experiments were carried out (Schweiger 1991). For the ESEEM measurements, a home-built spectrometer equipped with an Oxford CF935 cryostat was used (Fauth et al 1986).…”

“…The application of pulsed EPR techniques provides a possibility to overcome such difficulties for the assignment of paramagnetic species. Electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) is a technique that can give information on the nuclear spin environment of paramagnetic centers if the hyperfine coupling between electrons and the surrounding nuclei are too small to be resolved in cw EPR (Schweiger 1991). Weakly coupled nuclei give characteristic peaks in ESEEM, which permit the calculation of the nuclear g-factor (gN).…”

Pulsed High-Frequency EPR

“…Not all of the pulsed EPR methods, typically developed at X-band frequencies (Schweiger, 1991;Schweiger and Jeschke, 2001), can be usefully applied at high magnetic fields.…”