Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Simultaneously Induce Osteogenesis and Upregulate Transcription of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 2 and 4 in Rat Osteoblastsin Vitro

Bodamyali, Tulin; Bhatt, Bhupesh S.; Hughes, Francis J.; Winrow, V R; Kanczler, Janos M.; Simon, Bruce J.; Abbott, Joan; Blake, David R.; Stevens, Cliff R.

doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9243

Cited by 190 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Other in vitro studies have shown that PEMF has a reproducible osteogenic effect on rat osteoblasts and simultaneously induces transcription of BMP-2 and BMP-4 mRNA. 5 It has been reported that bone cells contain approximately 40,000 IGF-II receptors per cell, one of the actions of which is bone cell proliferation. 6,39 Other studies have focused on the ability of PEMF to stimulate FGF-2 and increase angiogenesis, indirectly enhancing bone formation by increasing the vascular supply to the healing bone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The application of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) appears to affect differentiation of chondrocytes 2 and already differentiated bone cells through various transduction pathways and growth factors, 1,3 and decreasing osteoclastic resorption and increasing osteoblastic bone formation. [4][5][6][7][8] Clinical and laboratory trials have shown a positive effect in the healing of acute fracture, 9,10 delayed and nonunion, 9,[11][12][13][14] congenital pseudarthosis, [15][16][17] failed arthrodesis, 18,19 and to decrease or reverse osteoporosis. 20,21 Although there is substantial evidence that PEMF enhances endochondral bone formation, little is known about the effect of PEMF on intramembranous bone formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on maturation of regenerate bone in a rabbit limb lengthening model

BARONE¹,

Sbordone

Ramaglia

2005

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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ABSTRACT:To study the effect of applying pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) during the consolidation phase of limb lengthening, a mid-tibial osteotomy was performed in 18 adult New Zealand White rabbits and an external fixator was applied anteromedially. Animals were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. After a 7-day latency period, the tibiae were distracted 0.5 mm every 12 h for 10 days. The treatment group received a 20-day course of PEMF for 60 min daily, coinciding with initiation of the consolidation phase. The control group received sham PEMF. Radiographs were performed weekly after distraction. Animals were euthanized 3 weeks after the end of distraction. Radiographic analysis revealed no significant difference in regenerate callus area between treatment and control tibiae immediately after distraction, at 1 week, 2 weeks, or 3 weeks after distraction ( p ¼ 0.71, 0.22, 0.44, and 0.50, respectively). There was also no significant difference in percent callus mineralization ( p ¼ 0.96, 0.69, 0.99, and 0.99, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups with respect to structural stiffness ( p ¼ 0.80) or maximal torque to failure ( p ¼ 0.62). However, there was a significant positive difference in mineral apposition rate between groups during the interval 1-2 weeks post-distraction ( p < 0.05). This difference was no longer evident by the interval 2-3 weeks post-distraction. While PEMF applied during the consolidation phase of limb lengthening did not appear to have a positive effect on bone regenerate, it increased osteoblastic activity in the cortical bone adjacent to the distraction site. Since the same PEMF signal was reported to be beneficial in the rabbit distraction osteogenesis when applied during distraction phase and consolidation phase, application of PEMF in the early phase may be more effective. Further work is necessary to determine optimal timing of the PEMF stimulation during distraction osteogenesis. ß

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on maturation of regenerate bone in a rabbit limb lengthening model

BARONE¹,

Sbordone

Ramaglia

2005

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…Most investigations on the mechanism of action of IC technology have been performed with the PEMF signal which is FDA approved for fracture healing but not spinal fusion [1,4,8,11,29,43,44,51,64]. There is only one study using the PEMF signal that is clinically approved for spinal fusions [61] and a few studies with CMF [11,20,21,58].…”

Section: Inductive Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical stimulation therapies for spinal fusions: current concepts

Gan

Glazer

2006

Eur Spine J

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Electrical stimulation therapies have been used for more than 30 years to enhance spinal fusions. Although their positive effects on spinal fusions have been widely reported, the mechanisms of action of the technologies were only recently identified. Three types of technologies are available clinically: direct current, capacitive coupling, and inductive coupling. The latter is the basis of pulsed electromagnetic fields and combined magnetic fields. This review summarizes the current concepts on the mechanisms of action, animal and clinical studies, and cost justification for the use of electrical stimulation for spinal fusions. Scientific studies support the validity of electrical stimulation treatments. The mechanisms of action of each of the three electrical stimulation therapies are different. New data demonstrates that the upregulation of several growth factors may be responsible for the clinical success seen with the use of such technologies.

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“…Several laboratories have demonstrated that exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) upregulates members of the TGFP/BMP family. Three groups have demonstrated increases in transcription of mRNA for several BMPs in skeletal tissue with EMF exposure [7,37,51]. Electrical stimulation of MC3T3 cells has been shown to increase the expression of mRNA for TGFP [52].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of basal TGFβ₁ levels by EMF coincident with chondrogenesis – implications for skeletal repair and tissue engineering

Aaron

Wang

Ciombor

2002

Journal Orthopaedic Research

101

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Members of the TGFP/BMP gene family regulate cartilage and bone development. These genes are re-expressed in bone repair and are thought to mediate chondro-and osteoprogenitor cell differentiation. These observations have led to a therapeutic strategy of introducing these growth factors into experimental cartilage and bone defects. Therapeutic efficacy, however, has been limited by diffusion or inactivation of these growth factors from the desired site and by the inability to deliver sustained concentrations of growth factors. This study demonstrates an increase in basal TGFP mRNA and protein levels in association with chondrogenic differentiation in endochondral ossification. mRNA is increased by 158%; protein by 23%, and cells immunopositive for TGFP by 343% at maximal TGFP expression. Importantly, the pattern of TGFP expression is preserved throughout the developmental sequence. Our data suggest that the exposure to a specific electromagnetic field (EMF) enhances, but does not disorganize, chondrogenesis and endochondral calcification as well as the normal physiologic expression of TGFP. The ability to increase TGFP at a moderately low dose for sustained periods of time without disorganizing its physiology suggests the ability to establish temporal concentration gradients of growth factors for the purpose of stimulating skeletal repair.

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Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Simultaneously Induce Osteogenesis and Upregulate Transcription of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 2 and 4 in Rat Osteoblastsin Vitro

Cited by 190 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on maturation of regenerate bone in a rabbit limb lengthening model

Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on maturation of regenerate bone in a rabbit limb lengthening model

Electrical stimulation therapies for spinal fusions: current concepts

Upregulation of basal TGFβ₁ levels by EMF coincident with chondrogenesis – implications for skeletal repair and tissue engineering

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Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Simultaneously Induce Osteogenesis and Upregulate Transcription of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 2 and 4 in Rat Osteoblastsin Vitro

Cited by 190 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on maturation of regenerate bone in a rabbit limb lengthening model

Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on maturation of regenerate bone in a rabbit limb lengthening model

Electrical stimulation therapies for spinal fusions: current concepts

Upregulation of basal TGFβ1 levels by EMF coincident with chondrogenesis – implications for skeletal repair and tissue engineering

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Upregulation of basal TGFβ₁ levels by EMF coincident with chondrogenesis – implications for skeletal repair and tissue engineering