Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Increase Growth Factor Release by Nonunion Cells

Guerkov, H. H.; Lohmann, Christoph H.; Liu, Y.; Dean, David D.; Simon, Bruce J.; Heckman, James D.; Schwartz, Zvi; Boyan, Barbara D.

doi:10.1097/00003086-200103000-00031

Cited by 125 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Most investigations on the mechanism of action of IC technology have been performed with the PEMF signal which is FDA approved for fracture healing but not spinal fusion [1,4,8,11,29,43,44,51,64]. There is only one study using the PEMF signal that is clinically approved for spinal fusions [61] and a few studies with CMF [11,20,21,58].…”

Section: Inductive Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical stimulation therapies for spinal fusions: current concepts

Gan

Glazer

2006

Eur Spine J

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Electrical stimulation therapies have been used for more than 30 years to enhance spinal fusions. Although their positive effects on spinal fusions have been widely reported, the mechanisms of action of the technologies were only recently identified. Three types of technologies are available clinically: direct current, capacitive coupling, and inductive coupling. The latter is the basis of pulsed electromagnetic fields and combined magnetic fields. This review summarizes the current concepts on the mechanisms of action, animal and clinical studies, and cost justification for the use of electrical stimulation for spinal fusions. Scientific studies support the validity of electrical stimulation treatments. The mechanisms of action of each of the three electrical stimulation therapies are different. New data demonstrates that the upregulation of several growth factors may be responsible for the clinical success seen with the use of such technologies.

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Section: Inductive Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical stimulation therapies for spinal fusions: current concepts

Gan

Glazer

2006

Eur Spine J

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“…and was described in detail previously [28,41]. Identical Helmholtz coils provided by ERI, L.P. (Parsippany, NJ) were placed into identical incubators.…”

Section: Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEMFs can influence MG63 osteoblast-like cells by increasing transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-P1) levels but decreasing levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the conditioned media [41]. PEMFs also increase TGFp 1 production by atrophic and hypertrophic nonunion cells [28]. Others have shown that EMFs increase osteoblastic proliferation, extracellular matrix production, and IGF-2 production [24,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed electromagnetic fields affect phenotype and connexin 43 protein expression in MLO‐Y4 osteocyte‐like cells and ROS 17/2.8 osteoblast‐like cells

Lohmann

Schwartz

Liu

et al. 2003

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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119

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Osteocytes, the predominant cells in bone, are postulated to be responsible for sensing mechanical and electrical stimuli, transducing signals via gap junctions. Osteocytes respond to induced shear by increasing connexin 43 (Cx43) levels, suggesting that they might be sensitive to physical stimuli like low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF). Immature osteoblasts exhibit decreased intercellular communication in response to EMF but no change in Cx43. Here, we examined long term effects of pulsed EMF (PEMF) on MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells and ROS 17/23 osteoblast-like cells. In MLO-Y4 cell cultures, PEMF for 8 h/day for one, two or four days increased alkaline phosphatase activity but had no effect on cell number or osteocalcin. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-PI) and prostaglandin EZ were increased, and NO2-was altered. PEMFs effect on TGF-Pl was via a prostaglandin-dependent mechanism involving Cox-1 but not Cox-2. In ROS 17/2.X cells, PEMF for 24, 4X or 72 h did not affect cell number, osteocalcin mRNA or osteocalcin protein. PEMF reduced Cx43 protein in both cells. Longer exposures decreased Cx43 mRNA. This indicates that cells in the osteoblast lineage, including well-differentiated osteoblast-like ROS 17/23 cells and terminally differentiated osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells, respond to PEMF with changes in local factor production and reduced Cx43, suggesting decreased gap junctional signaling.

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“…Both the transient initial release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores and the influx through specialized Ca 2+ channels operate the dephosphorylation of the cytoplasmic components (NFAT2 proteins) and give rise to their nuclear localization, which is followed by the activation of osteoclast-specific genes [6]. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are useful therapy for patients with delayed fracture healing and nonunions [21] [22] [23] and affect different aspects of biomolecular synthesis in cells, including the kinetics of DNA, RNA, and protein production [24] [25]. In previous studies, research has focused of the effects of PEMF on osteoblasts and osteoclasts respectively, but the proliferation and activation of OC in OB-OC co-culture during PEMF stimulation has not been fully elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields of Different Frequencies on the Gene Expression of RANK and NFATc1 in Rat Osteoclasts Co-Cultured with Osteoblasts

Chen¹,

Huang²,

He³

et al. 2017

JBiSE

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The study investigated the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) of different frequencies on the gene expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) and Nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) in rat osteoblast and osteoclast co-cultured model. Osteoblast-like cells were isolated from calvariae of Newborn Sprague Dawley rats (SD rats), while osteoclast-like cells were obtained from femora and tibiae of five weeks old SD rats. After 1 days of co-culture, the cells were exposed to premarin (E 2 ) and different frequencies of PEMFs (8 Hz and 16 Hz, respectively) for 3 days. The expression of RANK and NFATc1 mRNA was analysed with realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The gene expression of RANK and NFATc1 in the E 2 , PEMF with 8 Hz and 16 Hz group was significantly lower than that in the control group respectively. The gene expression of NFATc1 in the PEMF with 8 Hz group was significantly lower than that in the control group and PEMF with 16 Hz group. The study indicates that PEMF with 8 Hz could regulate the gene expression of RANK and NFATc1 in co-cultured model.

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Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Increase Growth Factor Release by Nonunion Cells

Cited by 125 publications

References 42 publications

Electrical stimulation therapies for spinal fusions: current concepts

Electrical stimulation therapies for spinal fusions: current concepts

Pulsed electromagnetic fields affect phenotype and connexin 43 protein expression in MLO‐Y4 osteocyte‐like cells and ROS 17/2.8 osteoblast‐like cells

Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields of Different Frequencies on the Gene Expression of RANK and NFATc1 in Rat Osteoclasts Co-Cultured with Osteoblasts

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