Pulsed Electric Fields Induce Extracellular Matrix Remodeling through Matrix Metalloproteinases Activation and Decreased Collagen Production

Application of pulsed electric field technology to skin engineering

“…Pulse electric field systems for cell applications have been developed for in vitro and in vivo applications ( Figure 2 ). Control of cell fate is a critical part of producing successful tissue constructs ( Demidova-Rice et al, 2012b ; Lanza et al, 2020 ; Battafarano et al, 2021 ) and application of an exogenous electric field to cells using PEF has the capacity to influence their migration, proliferation, and functionality ( Ren et al, 2019 ; Gouarderes et al, 2020 ; Gouarderes et al, 2022 ). PEF treatment of skin cells has focused largely on epidermal and dermal cell types including fibroblasts ( Liu et al, 2018 ; Nguyen et al, 2018 ; Das et al, 2020 ; Gouarderes et al, 2020 ) and keratinocytes ( Ren et al, 2019 ; Das et al, 2020 ) ( Table 2 ).…”

“…Enhanced proliferative and migratory responses of fibroblasts in 2D culture following PEF treatment was observed in several studies ( Table 2 ) ( Das et al, 2020 ; Gouarderes et al, 2020 ). When embedded in 3D collagen lattices, PEF-treated fibroblasts had enhanced alignment and contractility ( Liu et al, 2018 ; Gouarderes et al, 2022 ). Studies investigating the effect of PEF on keratinocytes have been limited to 2D culture and showed variable effects on their migration ( Ren et al, 2019 ; Das et al, 2020 ).…”

“…The effect of PEF on engineered skin constructs has been investigated in limited studies. When applied to a dermal substitute in vitro, PEF was able to modulate the surrounding ECM to promote an anti-fibrotic phenotype with reduced collagen and increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production ( Table 2 ) ( Gouarderes et al, 2022 ). Further, electrotransfer and expression of a luciferase gene was achieved in a DermACELL ® grafts recellularised with in vitro ( Bulysheva et al, 2016 ).…”

“…These studies failed to comment on the polarity of the selected pulses. Use of PEF for cell treatment was much the same, with the common choice being square or rectangular pulses ( Table 2 ) ( Hess et al, 2012 ; Kumar et al, 2016 ; Nguyen et al, 2018 ; Gouarderes et al, 2020 ; Gouarderes et al, 2022 ), with the occasional comment on polarity ( Fitzsimmons et al, 2008 ).…”

A Trojan horse approach for enhancing the cellular uptake of a ruthenium nitrosyl complex

“…Primary dermal fibroblasts were isolated from 3-year old foreskin commercially bought (Icelltis) after posthectomy as previously described. 78,79 Cells were tested negative for mycoplasma using a MycoAlert mycoplasma detection kit (Lonza) all along the experiments. Dermal fibroblasts were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (Gibco-Invitrogen) containing phenol red, 4.5 g L −1 glucose, Glutamax, and 1 mM pyruvate, supplemented with 10% (v/v) of heat inactivated fetal calf serum, 100 U ml −1 penicillin, and 100 µg mL −1 streptomycin.…”