Pulsed electric field controlled lithium extraction process by LMO/MXene composite electrode from brines

Zhao, Xiaoyu; Zheng, Lixiao; Hou, Yongdan; Wang, Yanfei; Zhu, Liang

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.138454

Cited by 41 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Two obvious peaks in both anodic and cathodic scans are noted. These peaks correspond to the two-step Li ion intercalation/deintercalation reactions, leading to reversible λ-MnO 2 /Li 0.5 Mn 2 O 4 and Li 0.5 Mn 2 O 4 /LiMn 2 O 4 phase transitions. , Concretely, in the first oxidation peak (Ox 1 ), Li ions deintercalate from LiMn 2 O 4 to form Li 0.5 Mn 2 O 4 . In the second step (Ox 2 ), Li ions deintercalate from Li 0.5 Mn 2 O 4 , and the λ-MnO 2 phase is formed. , In the process of intercalation, Li ions intercalate into λ-MnO 2 , forming Li 0.5 Mn 2 O 4 (reduction process, Red 2 ), and then continue to intercalate to form LiMn 2 O 4 (Red 1 ). , The further fitting curves of the peak current and the square root of the scan rate show an excellent linear relationship, which indicates that the intercalation/deintercalation reactions of Li in the electrodes are diffusion-controlled processes (Figure B). ,, Figure C shows the potential profiles during the Li extraction from 1 M LiCl solution under constant-current operation with a current density (C-rate) ranging from 25 (0.19C) to 1000 mA/g (7.6C) and a 0.2 V versus Ag/AgCl voltage cutoff.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These peaks correspond to the two-step Li ion intercalation/deintercalation reactions, leading to reversible λ-MnO 2 /Li 0.5 Mn 2 O 4 and Li 0.5 Mn 2 O 4 /LiMn 2 O 4 phase transitions. 37,39 Concretely, in the first oxidation peak (Ox 1 ), Li ions deintercalate from LiMn 2 O 4 to form Li 0.5 Mn 2 O 4 . In the second step (Ox 2 ), Li ions deintercalate from Li 0.5 Mn 2 O 4 , and the λ-MnO 2 phase is formed.…”

Section: Basic Electrochemical Intercalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Understanding the Electrochemical Extraction of Lithium from Ultradilute Solutions

Sun,

Tebyetekerwa,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The electrochemical extraction of lithium (Li) from aqueous sources using electrochemical means is a promising direct Li extraction technology. However, to this date, most electrochemical Li extraction studies are confined to Li-rich brine, neglecting the practical and existing Li-lean resources, with their overall extraction behaviors currently not fully understood. More still, the effect of elevated sodium (Na) concentrations typically found in most Li-lean water sources on Li extraction is unclear. Hence, in this work, we first understand the electrochemical Li extraction behaviors from ultradilute solutions using spinel lithium manganese oxide as the model electrode. We discovered that Li extraction depends highly on the Li concentration and cell operation current density. Then, we switched our focus on low Li to Na ratio solutions, revealing that Na can dominate the electrostatic screening layer, reducing Li ion concentration. Based on these understandings, we rationally employed pulsed electrochemical operation to restructure the electrode surface and distribute the surface-adsorbed species, which efficiently achieves a high Li selectivity even in extremely low initial Li/Na concentrations of up to 1:20,000.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basic Electrochemical Intercalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Electrochemical Extraction of Lithium from Ultradilute Solutions

Sun,

Tebyetekerwa,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[85] Another group incorporated LiMn 2 O 4 electrode with MXene because MXene has high electronic conductivity that could quickly transfer electrons and inhibit material phase transitions. [91] Another route to increase Li + extraction was through increasing the Li + diffusion coefficient in the intercalation materials. The Li + diffusion coefficient (D Li + ) was successfully improved in a LiMn 2 O 4 electrode modified with polypyrrole (PPy)/Al 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Electrochemical LI + Extraction From Brinementioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Lithium Extraction Using Intercalation Materials

Wang,

Koenig

2023

Chemistry A European J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Worldwide lithium (Li) demand has surged in recent years due to increased production of Li‐ion batteries for electric vehicles and stationary storage. Li supply and production will need to increase such that the transition towards increased electrification in the energy sector does not become cost prohibitive. Many countries have taken policy steps such as listing Li as a critical mineral. Current commercial Li mining is mostly from dedicated mine sources, including ores, clays, and brines. The conventional ways to extract Li+ from those resources are through chemical processing. The environmental and economic sustainability of conventional Li processing has recently received increased scrutiny. Routes such as direct Li+ extraction may provide advantages relative to conventional Li+ extraction technologies, and one possible route to direct Li+ extraction includes leveraging of intercalation materials. Intercalation material processing has recently demonstrated high selectivity towards Li+ as opposed to other cations. Reviews and reports of direct Li+extraction with intercalation materials are limited, even as this technology has started to show promise in smaller scale demonstrations. This paper will review selective Li+ extraction via intercalation materials, including both electrochemical and chemical methods to drive Li+ in and out and efforts to characterize the Li+ insertion/deinsertion processes.

show abstract

“…Most of the previous research on electrochemical lithium extraction focused on improving electrode materials [20][21][22][23][24] and optimizing charging and discharging conditions [25][26][27]. The researches on electrochemical lithium extraction operating system are very limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Lithium Extraction with Gas Flushing of Porous Electrodes

Wang

2023

Nanomaterials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrochemical extraction of lithium from seawater/brine is receiving more and more attention because of its environment-friendly and energy-saving features. In this work, an electrochemical lithium extraction system with gas flushing of porous electrodes is proposed. We verified that the operation of multiple gas washes can significantly reduce the consumption of ultrapure water during the solution exchange and save the time required for the continuous running of the system. The water consumption of multiple gas flush operations is only 1/60 of that of a normal single flush to obtain a purity close to 100% in the recovery solution. By comparing the ion concentration distribution on the electrode surface in flow-through and flow-by-flow modes, we demonstrate that the flow-through mode performs better. We also verified the lithium extraction performance of the whole system, achieving a purity close to 100% and average energy consumption of 0.732 kWh∙kg−1 in each cycle from the source solution of the simulated Atacama salt lake water. These results provide a feasible approach for the large-scale operation of electrochemical lithium extraction from seawater/brine.

show abstract

Pulsed electric field controlled lithium extraction process by LMO/MXene composite electrode from brines

Cited by 41 publications

References 49 publications

Understanding the Electrochemical Extraction of Lithium from Ultradilute Solutions

Understanding the Electrochemical Extraction of Lithium from Ultradilute Solutions

Direct Lithium Extraction Using Intercalation Materials

Electrochemical Lithium Extraction with Gas Flushing of Porous Electrodes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About