“…Otoconia that move freely within the semicircular canals are defined as canalolithiasis, and otoconia that are attached to the cupula are defined as cupulothiasis [Parnes et al, 2003;Hain and Helminski, 2007;West et al, 2017]. The diagnosis of BPPV is based on the presence or absence of nystagmus by provoking the head and by the direction of nystagmus determined in the involved canal [Caldas et al, 2009;Ruggeri et al, 2019]. Posterior semicircular canal (P-SSC) BPPV is the most common form of BPPV, followed by horizontal semicircular canal (H-SSC) BPPV and anterior semicircular canal BPPV [Korres and Balatsouras, 2004;Tang and Li, 2017;Fu et al, 2020].…”