In the field of medical electronics, non invasive techniques for the measurement of different physical and physiological parameters are becoming popular nowadays. The use of different types of sensors is inevitable to design this type of instruments. The present study deals with such a design based on the concepts of Pulse oxymetry. It is an infra red sensor based wireless module which measures pulse rate, maximum heart rate, blood pressure, physical fitness index and maximum oxygen uptake capacity of an individual noninvasively. It provides a graphical representation of the electrical activity of the heart commonly known as Electrocardiograph (ECG) which helps to detect any existing disorders in the cardiac cycle. In this study, the sensor-receiver module is touched with the subject's finger. The output of the receiver is fed to a series of sensitively tuned electronic amplifier circuit which represents the electrical activities of the heart in the form of voltage fluctuations. Then the voltage fluctuation is passed through appropriate filters for precision. The change in the voltage is due to the fluctuation of voltage within the heart muscles (commonly myocardium) which are amplified and displayed in a display unit. The whole measurement is performed by keeping a single finger of the patient between the sensor-receiver modules for twenty seconds. Each change in blood volume has a fixed curve pattern and depicts one cardiac cycle. The total number of change in blood volume in a minute gives the pulse rate of the patient. Several attempts have been made by researchers to measure the electrical activity of the human heart non-invasively, but it was not possible from a single finger, if preceded in the conventional way. This instrument is a portable device and removes the drawbacks of conventional 44
Sayan Dey et alElectrocardiograph machines. It is very much cost effective and is fully sensor based digital device providing complete computer interfacing. This is a low power device, designed to provide full cardiac monitoring and is meant to help the medical experts to diagnose any cardiac disorders very easily and within very less time.