Pulse radiolysis of tetrazolium violet in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic solutions under oxidative and reductive conditions

Kovács, András; Wojnárovits, László; Pálfi, T.; Emi-Reynolds, G.; Fletcher, J. J.

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2008.06.006

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Many radiation-sensitive compounds can be used to prepare such dosimeters. For example, a group of tetrazolium salts transforming into colored formazans [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ] have been intensively studied as components of poly(vinyl alcohol) films in the kilogray dose range, such as 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride [ 8 ], nitro-blue tetrazolium chloride [ 9 ], ethyl violet-bromophenol blue dyed [ 10 ], 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, neotetrazolium chloride, 5-(p-nitrophenyl)-2,3-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, 2,5-diphenyl-3-(1-naphthyl)tetrazolium bromide, and 2,2’-di(p-nitrophenyl)-5,5’-diphenyl-3,3’-(3,3-dimethoxy-4,4’-diphenylene)-2H-ditetrazolium chloride (nitrotetrazolium blue chloride, NBT) [ 11 ]. Other films were also used to prepare dosimeters, such as polyvinyl butyral with nitro-blue tetrazolium [ 12 ] or methyl red [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Cotton Fabric-Based Ionizing Radiation Dosimeter for 2D Dose Distribution Measurements over a Wide Dose Range at High Dose Rates

Kozicki,

Sąsiadek-Andrzejczak,

Wach

et al. 2024

IJMS

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This work presents an ecological, flexible 2D radiochromic dosimeter for measuring ionizing radiation in the kilogray dose range. Cotton woven fabric made of cellulose was volume-modified with nitrotetrazolium blue chloride as a radiation-sensitive compound. Its features include a color change during exposure from yellowish to purple-brown and flexibility that allows it to adapt to various shapes. It was found that (i) the dose response is up to ~80 kGy, (ii) it is independent of the dose rate for 1.1–73.1 kGy/min, (iii) it can be measured in 2D using a flatbed scanner, (iv) the acquired images can be filtered using a mean filter, which improves its dose resolution, (v) the dose resolution is −0.07 to −0.4 kGy for ~0.6 to ~75.7 kGy for filtered images, and (vi) two linear dose subranges can be distinguished: ~0.6 to ~7.6 kGy and ~9.9 to ~62.0 kGy. The dosimeter combined with flatbed scanner reading and data processing using dedicated software packages constitutes a comprehensive system for measuring dose distributions for objects with complex shapes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Cotton Fabric-Based Ionizing Radiation Dosimeter for 2D Dose Distribution Measurements over a Wide Dose Range at High Dose Rates

Kozicki,

Sąsiadek-Andrzejczak,

Wach

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…In particular, the process involves a reaction with solvated (hydrated) electrons with highly reducing properties. A few groups have examined the radiation‐induced reactions of aqueous and alcohol solutions of many tetrazolium salts: nitro‐tetrazolium salt and blue tetrazolium salt [6]; 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) [7]; ditetrazolium salt nitrotetrazolium chloride (NBTCl 2 ) [8]; tetrazolium violet [9]; as well as poly(vinyl alcohol) films containing TTC [10]; radiochromic films made of NBT in a matrix of poly(vinyl alcohol) [11] and TTC combined with L ‐alanine [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV‐assisted screen‐printing of flat textiles

Kozicki

Sąsiadek

2012

Coloration Technology

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An approach to printing of flat textiles is presented in this work. A screen‐printing method was applied on a cotton fabric. An aqueous printing paste was prepared from thickening and crosslinking agents and an ultraviolet‐sensitive tetrazole ring‐based compound of 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride or nitrotetrazolium blue chloride. After the printing process, a pattern was just visible with the naked eye. The development of colour occurred after exposure of the textile to ultraviolet light of 253.7 nm and was caused by the transformation of 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride or nitrotetrazolium blue chloride salts into the corresponding formazans, which are insoluble in water. The printed designs were resistant to washing. The stability of the colour of the samples is discussed in the case of prolonged irradiation, both with ultraviolet light of 253.7 nm and with daylight. This method of printing is a recent proposition for creative textile designing. It also seems to indicate a likely type of dye that may be further developed as potentially attractive for ultraviolet‐assisted printing or dyeing of textiles.

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“…The conversion of tetrazolium salts to formazans is widely exploited as an indicator of reducing systems in chemistry and biology (Koren et al 2009, Şenöz 2012, Shawali and Samy 2015. The reactions of some tetrazolium salts that were induced by ionizing radiation were studied for aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic solutions (Kriminskaya et al 1988, Pikaev and Kriminskaya 1998, Emi-Reynolds 2007a, Kovács et al 2008, polyvinyl butyral and polyvinyl alcohol 2D dosimetric films (Kovács et al 1996,1999, Emi-Reynolds et al 2007b, Basfar et al 2011, 2012, modified 2D woven fabrics (Kozicki and Sąsiadek 2012), 3D Pluronic gels (Kozicki et al 2017b) and gelatine gels (Abdel-Fattah 2017). TTC, blue tetrazolium chloride (BT), nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) and tetrazolium violet (TV) were the most commonly used salts in these systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tetrazolium salts-Pluronic F-127 gels for 3D radiotherapy dosimetry

et al. 2018

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This work is a follow-up study for a recently-proposed 3D radiochromic gel dosimeter that contains a tetrazolium salt and a physical gel matrix made of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127). Several tetrazolium salts were examined in this work, including tetrazolium violet, blue tetrazolium chloride, nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT), tetranitro blue tetrazolium chloride (tNBT) and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (TBTB). The salt-containing gel dosimeters were compared with the first Pluronic gel composition that contained 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) as the radiation-sensitive component (dose sensitivity of 0.0023 (Gy cm)). The Pluronic gels with NBT and tNBT outperformed the other gels, including the TTC-containing gel, with respect to their dose sensitivity and low dose-response. The NBT gels were found to have better stability over time than tNBT gels. Sensitization of the gels to ionizing radiation was examined by addition of tert-butyl alcohol and sodium formate. The best composition was 0.0818% NBT (1 mM), 25% Pluronic F-127 and 0.136 × 10% sodium formate. This gel dosimeter was insensitive to changes in dose rate for photons of different energies. The mean dose sensitivity amounted to 0.0047 ± 0.1 × 10 (Gy cm). A diversion in the dose-response was observed for the gel irradiated with electrons. Additional characteristics of the NBT gel were a linear-dose range and a dynamic-dose range between <1 and ⩾150 Gy and a dose threshold of <1 Gy. The dose distribution registered for the NBT-Pluronic gel was stable after irradiation for over 7 d with no visible diffusion of the irradiated part, which is analogous to the original TTC-Pluronic gel.

show abstract

Pulse radiolysis of tetrazolium violet in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic solutions under oxidative and reductive conditions

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Flexible Cotton Fabric-Based Ionizing Radiation Dosimeter for 2D Dose Distribution Measurements over a Wide Dose Range at High Dose Rates

Flexible Cotton Fabric-Based Ionizing Radiation Dosimeter for 2D Dose Distribution Measurements over a Wide Dose Range at High Dose Rates

UV‐assisted screen‐printing of flat textiles

Tetrazolium salts-Pluronic F-127 gels for 3D radiotherapy dosimetry

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