Pulse position coded PDUs: A new approach to networking energy economy

Feng, Dezhi; Hajiaghajani, Faezeh; Das, Saptarshi; Biswas, Subir

doi:10.1109/ccnc.2017.7983158

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Representation in a number system with a certain base is also done in a scheme called Pulse Position-Coded PDU (PPCP) [44], [45]. Called Flexible Base Digit Separation (FBDS), this number system uses a base that is selected to minimize the energy consumption as compared to an equivalent traditional bit-encoded scheme, while throughput is maximized.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An error occurs if a message does not conform to this format, and though not perfect, errors can be detected in many cases by checking the format at the receiver side. Multi access is investigated by simulations based on ALOHA in [44] and CSMA/CA in [45]. This offers limited contention resolution, since an overlap of even two messages causes an error in both schemes, and the probability of an error increases with larger values of the base in FBDS, because this results in longer silences on average, and thus longer messages.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This offers limited contention resolution, since an overlap of even two messages causes an error in both schemes, and the probability of an error increases with larger values of the base in FBDS, because this results in longer silences on average, and thus longer messages. The resulting MAC layer is applied in a Star topology in [44], whereby the devices are in transmitonly mode and one aggregator receives all messages, but a more general architecture is proposed in [45], whereby each device can both transmit and listen. Since a receiver consumes energy during silences due to its need to continuously listen, a short length of silences is emphasized in [45].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…APCMA's contention resolution mechanism effectively includes error correction against intermittent pulses to a great extent. Since the start and stop pulse in a code word are spaced at a fixed interval, they are easily identified by a pattern recognizer, so no trains of pulses like in [44], [45], [49] are necessary to mark these delimiters. Additionally, the fixed spacing between these delimiters acts as a timing reference for a device's clock, and it takes away the need of devices to synchronize with each other.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

High-Density Resource-Restricted Pulse-Based IoT Networks

Peper

Leibnitz

Tanaka

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. on Green Commun. Netw.

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For the realization of an Internet of Things (IoT) with high densities of devices it is necessary that wireless communication protocols are developed that offer (1) low energy consumption, (2) simplicity of encoding and decoding, (3) an asynchronous mode of communication, and (4) an effective but simple method to deal with interference between transmissions. This paper presents the implementation, experimentation, and analysis of a protocol on the MAC sublayer that encodes information in terms of silent intervals between pulses. Based on the representation of patterns of sparse pulses, this encoding has the potential for extremely low power consumption at the transmitter side. It also results in only few conflicts between messages that are broadcast on the same band overlapped in time, while no synchronization between transmitters and receivers is necessary. The protocol is demonstrated experimentally on the 315 MHz band with 100 senders and one receiver configured in a Star topology. Theoretical analysis confirms that the probability of conflicts between messages is low, even if the number of devices increases to the order of ten thousand. This protocol facilitates the implementation of IoT devices that are restricted in terms of hardware and energy resources.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%