Pulse Oximetry Fails to Accurately Reflect Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation at Low Levels in Dogs

Agreement of SpO2, SaO2 and ScO2 in anesthetized cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

“…This gives the anesthetist time to investigate the cause of the problem before the hypoxia becomes severe. The use of pulse oximeters during companion animal anesthesia is routine and the accuracy of pulse oximetry has been investigated in dogs (Sidi et al. 1987; Erhardt et al.…”

“…This gives the anesthetist time to Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2002, 29, 150^155 investigate the cause of the problem before the hypoxia becomes severe. The use of pulse oximeters during companion animal anesthesia is routine and the accuracy of pulse oximetry has been investigated in dogs (Sidi et al 1987;Erhardt et al 1990;Lee et al 1991;Jacobson et al 1992;Huss et al 1995;Grosenbaugh & Muir 1998) and horses (Whitehair et al 1990;Moens et al1991;Watney et al1993;Matthews et al 1994;Cha⁄n et al 1996). Pulse oximetry has also been described in farm animals such as sheep (Cohen et al 1997;Norton et al 1998) and poultry (Wideman & Kirby 1995), and in zoological practice (Allen 1992;Osofsky 1997;Schumacher et al 1997).…”

Accuracy of a third (Dolphin Voyager) versus first generation pulse oximeter (Nellcor N-180) in predicting arterial oxygen saturation and pulse rate in the anesthetized dog

“…3 & Table 1). When compared with the data reported with other pulse oximeters in dogs (Sidi et al. 1987; Jacobson et al.…”

“…Bias values were positive indicating that both instruments consistently overestimate SaO 2 , with the 3rd generation device ( Dolphin Voyager ) to a somewhat greater extent than the 1st generation pulse oximeter ( Nellcor N‐180 ; Table 1). Overestimation of SaO 2 by pulse oximeters has been repeatedly reported (Sidi et al. 1987; Young et al.…”

Transmission Pulse Oximetry in the Fetal Lamb: Is There a Universal Calibration?

“…Animal models are therefore used to estimate the accuracy of transmission pulse oximetry for low Sao2 values. These animal experiments showed a decreasing accuracy of transmission pulse oximetry for low Sao2 values (12)(13)(14). In all of those studies commercial pulse oximeters were used with a calibration algorithm derived from experiments in healthy adults in an Sao2 range from 70 to 100%, and this algorithm can probably not be extrapolated to lower Sao2 values.…”