Pulse modulated 900 MHz radiation induces hypothyroidism and apoptosis in thyroid cells: A light, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical study

Eşmekaya, Meriç Arda; Seyhan, Nesrin; Ömeroğlu, Suna

doi:10.3109/09553002.2010.502960

Cited by 49 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Exposure to EMFs at 900 MHz has been reported to cause pathological changes associated with an increase in the caspase pathway, which is dependent on apoptosis, in the thyroid gland structure (Eşmekaya et al, 2010). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, numerous studies have appeared describing the relationship between exposure to electro-magnetic sources, such as extremely low frequency (ELF) EMFs and radio frequency (RF), and various thyroid gland pathologies such as cancer (Milham and Morgan, 2008), alterations in the production of thyroid hormones (Rajkovic et al, 2003; Koyu et al, 2005; Eşmekaya et al, 2010) and other dysfunctions (Bergamaschi et al, 2004). Cellular levels of HSP-90 and HSP-70 in the thyroid gland are known to be linked to homeostasis (Wallin et al, 1992) and levels of cytotoxicity in certain glandular pathologies (Samadi et al, 2009; Paggi et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electromagnetic fields at 2.45 GHz trigger changes in heat shock proteins 90 and 70 without altering apoptotic activity in rat thyroid gland

Agustiño

Leiro²,

Mora

et al. 2012

Biology Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryNon-ionizing radiation at 2.45 GHz may modify the expression of genes that codify heat shock proteins (HSP) in the thyroid gland. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, we studied levels of HSP-90 and HSP-70. We also used hematoxilin eosin to look for evidence of lesions in the gland and applied the DAPI technique of fluorescence to search for evidence of chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation in the thyroid cells of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty-four rats were individually exposed for 30 min to 2.45 GHz radiation in a Gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell at different levels of non-thermal specific absorption rate (SAR), which was calculated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique. Ninety minutes after radiation, HSP-90 and HSP-70 had decreased significantly (P<0.01) after applying a SAR of 0.046±1.10 W/Kg or 0.104±5.10−3 W/Kg. Twenty-four hours after radiation, HSP-90 had partially recovered and HSP-70 had recovered completely. There were few indications of lesions in the glandular structure and signs of apoptosis were negative in all radiated animals. The results suggest that acute sub-thermal radiation at 2.45 GHz may alter levels of cellular stress in rat thyroid gland without initially altering their anti-apoptotic capacity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic fields at 2.45 GHz trigger changes in heat shock proteins 90 and 70 without altering apoptotic activity in rat thyroid gland

Agustiño

Leiro²,

Mora

et al. 2012

Biology Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The interaction is dependent on the properties of biological materials, expressed in terms of the complex relative permittivity ε = ε ′ − jε ′′ with loss tangent tan δ = ε ′′/ ε , biological sample parameters (nature, size and geometry of samples, and sample orientation relative to polarization), and environmental factors (temperature, humidity) [11, 12]. Since the quantum energy of the MW is not sufficient to cause atom ionization [13], its biological effects on tissues may be explained by thermal and nonthermal mechanisms [14]. From this complex array of possible effects, only one biological effect of MW is well known, namely, heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of MW is explained especially by their heating property on the polar or polarizable molecules of biological systems considered as water dominated dielectrics richly endowed with electrolytes and intricately packaged polar and nonpolar molecules [3, 11, 12, 15]. Some MW biological effects occur over a limited range (“windows”) of frequencies or modulations and other biological effects have been reported to occur in multiple dose or intensity ranges, referred to as intensity windows, instead of showing classical ionizing radiation dose-response relationships [11, 14, 16–20]. These effects include, altered cell proliferation, cell membrane receptor-mediated events, alterations of the membrane channels, and many more cellular events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Body Microwave Irradiation for Improved Dacarbazine Therapeutical Action in Cutaneous Melanoma Mouse Model

Neagu

Constantin

Martín

et al. 2013

Radiology Research and Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A cutaneous melanoma mouse model was used to test the efficacy of a new therapeutical approach that uses low doses of cytostatics in conjunction with mild whole body microwave exposure of 2.45 GHz in order to enhance cytostatics antitumoral effect. Materials and Methods. A microwave exposure system for C57BL/6 mouse whole body microwave irradiation was designed; groups of 40 mice (males and females) bearing experimental tumours were subjected to a combined therapy comprising low doses of dacarbazine in combination with mild whole body irradiation. Clinical parameters and serum cytokine testing using xMAP technology were performed. Results. The group that was subjected to combined therapy, microwave and cytostatic, had the best clinical evolution in terms of overall survival, tumour volume, and metastatic potential. At day 14 the untreated group had 100% mortality, while in the combined therapy group 40% of mice were surviving. Quantifying serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IFN-γ, GM-CSF, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MCP-1, and KC during tumorigenesis and therapy found that the combined experimental therapy decreases all the inflammatory cytokines, except chemokine MCP-1 that was found increased, suggesting an increase of the anti-tumoral immune response triggered by the combined therapy. The overall metastatic process is decreased in the combined therapy group.

show abstract

“…Exposure to radiation from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986 and radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s have long been linked to thyroid cancer, but they would not account for all the new cases. Cell-phone radiation has been implicated (4–6). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Climate Is a Risk Factor for Thyroid Cancer

Lehrer¹,

Rosenzweig²

2014

Clinical Thyroidology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The incidence rates of differentiated thyroid cancers of all sizes increased between 1988 and 2005 in both men and women. Exposure to ionizing radiation is the best-established environmental risk factor for thyroid cancer. Nonionizing radiation from cell phones has also been implicated. A positive correlation between all-cancer incidence rates and latitude and an inverse correlation between all-cancer incidence rates and temperature have been reported. In the present study, we examined the relationship between thyroid cancer incidence and average temperature in 50 U.S. states. Methods The age-adjusted incidence of thyroid cancer is from U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group, United States Cancer Statistics: 1999–2010, Incidence and Mortality Web-based Report (Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Cancer Institute; 2013, available at: www.cdc.gov/uscs). Average temperature by state is from the National Climatic Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov). Information on high-impact exposure to nuclear radiation by state is from the National Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program, U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration (http://www.hrsa.gov/gethealthcare/conditions/radiationexposure). Cell-phone subscriber data for 2007 is from the Governing State and Local Sourcebook (http://sourcebook.governing.com). Mean elevation and latitude of U.S. states is from “Elevations and Distances in the United States,” Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey, April 29, 2005 (http://pubs.er.usgs.gov). Results There was a significant negative correlation between average temperature by state and the age-adjusted incidence of all thyroid cancers (r2 = −0.212, P = 0.001). Because of the possible effects of ionizing radiation exposure from nuclear testing and nonionizing radiation exposure from cell phones, multiple linear regression analysis was performed. The analysis was done only for all thyroid cancers and for thyroid cancers in whites. The data from blacks and Hispanics were too fragmentary to analyze. In all thyroid cancers and thyroid cancers in whites, there was a significant negative correlation between average temperature and incidence that was unrelated to nuclear testing, cell-phone use, altitude, and latitude and was independent of the significant correlation of cell-phone subscriptions per population with thyroid cancer in whites. Conclusions Living in a cold-climate state, such as Alaska, doubles the risk of thyroid cancer as compared with a warm state such as Texas. Because of climate change, a significantly raised risk of heat-related and cold-related mortality is expected in the years to come. The elderly will be most at risk. No doubt, incidence patterns of thyroid cancer and other cancers may be affected.

show abstract

Pulse modulated 900 MHz radiation induces hypothyroidism and apoptosis in thyroid cells: A light, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical study

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

Electromagnetic fields at 2.45 GHz trigger changes in heat shock proteins 90 and 70 without altering apoptotic activity in rat thyroid gland

Electromagnetic fields at 2.45 GHz trigger changes in heat shock proteins 90 and 70 without altering apoptotic activity in rat thyroid gland

Whole Body Microwave Irradiation for Improved Dacarbazine Therapeutical Action in Cutaneous Melanoma Mouse Model

Cold Climate Is a Risk Factor for Thyroid Cancer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About