Pulse control in self-mode-locked 2.8 µm Er-doped fluoride fiber lasers

Polarization domains and self-mode-locked pulses in an erbium-doped fiber laser

“…In addition to PDs and PDWs, other types of self-modelocked pulses are often observed in fiber lasers due to various optical mechanisms [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] . For example, the self-phase modulation and the longitudinal modes beating in the fiber cavity can lead to the occurrence of mode locking in the laser [24,25] .…”

“…For example, the self-phase modulation and the longitudinal modes beating in the fiber cavity can lead to the occurrence of mode locking in the laser [24,25] . The gain fiber, such as erbium-doped fiber [26][27][28][29] and thulium-doped fiber [30][31][32][33] , can also be used as both gain medium and saturable absorber to realize self-Q-switching or self-mode locking, which results from the energy transfer processes such as ion pairs excited state absorption [32] and upconversion interaction [33] . These studies show that the operation mechanisms of self-pulses in fiber lasers are complex, which is worth further exploration.…”