Pulsation waves along the Ciona heart tube reverse by bimodal rhythms expressed by a remote pair of pacemakers
Yuma Fujikake,
Kéita Fukuda,
Katsuyoshi Matsushita
et al.
Abstract:The heart of ascidians, marine invertebrate chordates, has a tubular structure, and heartbeats propagate from one end to the other. The direction of pulsation waves intermittently reverses in the heart of ascidians and their relatives; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We herein performed a series of experiments to characterize the pacemaker systems in isolated hearts and their fragments, and applied a mathematical model to examine the conditions leading to heart reversals. The isolated heart … Show more
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