“…Three types of horizontally-moving magnetic fields near the nozzle ports are EMLA [16,32,33,40,51,56,121], EMLS [16,32,33,40,51,56,122], and EMRS [16,32,33,40,51] or M-EMS [123,124]. Alternatively, EMC applies vertically-moving magnetic fields near the meniscus [36][37][38]. Other types of moving field systems-SEMS and S-EMS-are applied to the strand below the mold [33,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47].…”