Pulsatile Tinnitus

An integrative model of auditory phantom perception: Tinnitus as a unified percept of interacting separable subnetworks

“…Subjective tinnitus is commonly considered to represent an auditory phantom phenomenon (De Ridder et al, 2011a;Jastreboff, 1990). Other classifications describe pulsatile, non-pulsatile and pseudopulsatile tinnitus (De Ridder, 2011). Subjective non-pulsatile tinnitus is the scope of this review.…”

Prevalence of Tinnitus in Patients Diagnosed with Cerebral Arteriovenous Fistula Treated with Endovascular Technique

“…Acceleration or change in blood flow lead to audible turbulence at the site of the fistula, which decrease in intensity when the site is compressed and can be noticed by physicians during physical examination. 7 8 9 Arteriovenous fistula symptoms appear around the sixth or seventh decades of life and affect men and women equally. 10 Vascular malformations may also be associated with traumatic events, 11 as described on Table 1 , which points out that 25% of patients diagnosed with arteriovenous fistulas have a previous history of trauma.…”

“…More specifically, vascular malformations, bleeding, embolism, or ischemia should be suspected, requiring an immediate investigation of the patient. 9 In the sample we analyzed, 45% of patients with tinnitus also had headache as a symptom.…”

“…Given the high prevalence and numerous etiologies of tinnitus—from self-limited and benign causes to life-threatening pathologies—physicians should conduct an in-depth evaluation of this symptom. 9 Auscultation of the head, neck, and heart for cranial murmurs is an important component of the physical examination in a quiet environment with no external noises, as well as a thorough otoscopy. In addition to the above mentioned imaging tests, Doppler ultrasound of the head and neck vessels can also be used as a diagnostic tool.…”