Pulsatile Movements in the CSF Pathways

Boulay, G. H. du

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-39-460-255

Cited by 202 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This assumption has rarely been reported in literature (Di Chiro, 1964;Weed, 1914). It is believed that CSF flow is augmented by the ciliary action of the ventricular ependyma, vascular, choroidal and respiratory pulsations, cardiac systole and diastole and the hydrostatic pressure gradient that exists between the CSF and the venous system (Bering, 1962;Bering and Satto, 1963;Bhadelia et al, 1995;Di Chiro, 1964;Du Boulay, 1966;Du Boulay et al, 1972;Florez et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2004;Mascalchi et al, 1988;Milhorat, 1975;O'Connel, 1970;Ohara et al, 1988;Scollato et al, 2008;Thomsen et al, 1990).…”

Section: Formation Rate Of Cerebrospinal Fluid As the Main Generator mentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

Orešković

Klarica

2010

Brain Research Reviews

298

274

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Section: Formation Rate Of Cerebrospinal Fluid As the Main Generator mentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

Orešković

Klarica

2010

Brain Research Reviews

298

274

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“…[5][6][7] The pulsatility of the CSF, initially determined myelographically, is associated with choroid plexus pulsations and is modulated by the respiratory cycle. 18,19 Cine phase-contrast flow methods can image and perhaps quantify CSF pulsatile flow. 5,20 To the best of our Figure 4 Peak systolic and diastolic velocities of CSF in normal controls and SCI patients.…”

Section: Evoked Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although bidirectional CSF flow through the narrow cerebral aqueduct is purely laminar, CSF flow in larger regions, such as the cervical SAS, is often turbulent. 18,19 This turbulence can cause phase dispersion and signal loss in PC-MRI, resulting in an underestimation of net flow in the cervical SAS. Therefore, the diastolic velocities in below level (region 3) might have been underestimated owing to turbulence through the level of stenosis.…”

Section: Evoked Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of diffusion tensor imaging and phase-contrast MR with clinical parameters of cervical spinal cord injuries

Chang

et al. 2015

Spinal Cord

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Study design: This is a cross-sectional study. Objectives: The goal of this study was to characterize the diffusion properties across segments of the spinal cord and peak cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocities in the stenotic spinal canal, and to determine the correlation between these properties and clinical and electrophysiological parameters in patients with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: This study was conducted in the University teaching hospital. Methods: The study involved 17 patients with cervical SCI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the spinal cord and peak systolic and diastolic velocities of CSF were measured at the level of maximum compression (region 1) and at the levels above (region 2) and below (region 3) the level of injury with no signal change in conventional magnetic resonance imaging. Neurological and electrophysiological parameters were measured, including American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS), ASIA motor score, ASIA sensory score, Modified Barthel Index, Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM III), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and motor evoked potentials (MEP). Results: The ADC was significantly higher and the FA was significantly lower in regions 1, 2 and 3 of the SCI patients than in the normal controls (Po0.05 each). FA of the level below correlated with AIS, ASIA sensory score and SCIM III score, and FA of the level above correlated with SSEP latencies and MEP amplitudes (Po0.05 each). The reductions in FA correlated with CSF flow, functional measurements and evoked potentials. INTRODUCTIONOwing to its high soft-tissue resolution, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used routinely in the diagnosis of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, conventional MRI has low sensitivity for diffusion abnormalities in the white matter, limiting the associations between MRI results and clinical status. 1,2 Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with fiber tractography provides a threedimensional model of water diffusion for longitudinal evaluations of the central nervous system. 3 Although the application of DTI to the human spinal cord is challenging technically, owing to the small cross-sectional area of the spinal cord, cardiac and respiratory motion, and widely varying magnetic susceptibility, 4 recent developments in magnetic resonance (MR) pulse sequence design have greatly reduced these problems. Moreover, phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive technique that can be used to quantify variations in the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gated with the cardiac cycle. 5 CSF flow can be influenced by stenotic lesions in the brain and spinal cord. 6,7 Initially, SCI results in the physical disruption of structures in the spinal cord (primary insult), and it might also induce secondary events that injure intact, neighboring tissues in the epidural, subdural,

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“…Pulsation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been observed using several real-time radiological techniques, including pneumoencephalography, 1 video densitometry, and contrast medium myelography. 2 The pressure of the CSF can be measured directly using ventricular and lumbar catheters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these conventional techniques are options in clinical situations, all are highly invasive and alter the intracranial environment by creating communication between intra-and extracranial spaces in the case of contrast media. In general, pulsatile CSF motion is considered a consequence of the pulsatile expansion of brain tissue driven by the filling of the vascular bed by arterial blood or the pulsation of the major basal cerebral arteries, 1,3 the choroid plexus within the ventricles, 4 or the epidural venous plexus in the spine. 5 However, the principal driving forces of CSF pulsation and the transmission mechanism of the force from the blood vessels or brain parenchyma are not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of Pulsatile CSF Motion Around Membrane-like Structures with both 4D Velocity Mapping and Time-SLIP Technique

et al. 2015

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Purpose: We compared the depiction of pulsatile CSF motion obtained by 4-dimensional phase-contrast velocity mapping (4D-VM) with that by time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (time-SLIP) technique in the presence of membrane structures.Materials and Methods: We compared the 2 techniques using a flow phantom comprising tubes with and without a thin rubber membrane and applied the techniques to 6 healthy volunteers and 2 patients to analyze CSF dynamics surrounding thin membrane structures, such as the Liliequist membrane (LM), or the wall of an arachnoid cyst.Results: Phantom images exhibited propagation of the flow and pressure gradient beyond the membrane in the tube. In contrast, fluid labeled by the time-SLIP technique showed little displacement from the blockage of spin travelling by the membrane. A similar phenomenon was observed around the LM in healthy volunteers and the arachnoid cyst wall in a patient.Conclusion: Four-dimensional phase-contrast velocity mapping permitted visualization of the propagation of CSF pulsation through the intracranial membranous structures. This suggests that 4D-VM and the time-SLIP technique provide different information on flow and that both techniques are useful for classifying the pathophysiological status of CSF and elucidating the propagation pathway of CSF pulsation in the cranium.

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Pulsatile Movements in the CSF Pathways

Cited by 202 publications

References 6 publications

The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

Correlation of diffusion tensor imaging and phase-contrast MR with clinical parameters of cervical spinal cord injuries

Visualization of Pulsatile CSF Motion Around Membrane-like Structures with both 4D Velocity Mapping and Time-SLIP Technique

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