Pulp capping materials exert an effect on the secretion of IL-1β and IL-8 by migrating human neutrophils

Abstract

Pulp repair is a complex process whose mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The first immune cells to reach the damaged pulp are neutrophils that play an important role in releasing cytokines and in phagocytosis. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different pulp-capping materials on the secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by migrating human neutrophils. Neutrophils were obtained from the blood of three healthy donors. The experimental groups were calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) 2 ], an adhesive system (Single Bond), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Untreated cells were used as control. Transwell chambers were used in performing the assays to mimic an in vivo situation of neutrophil chemotaxis. The pulpcapping materials were placed in the lower chamber and the human neutrophils, in the upper chamber. The cells were counted and the culture medium was assayed using ELISA kits for detecting and quantifying IL-1β and IL8. The data were compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The secretion of IL-8 was significantly higher in all groups in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). The adhesive system group showed higher IL-8 than the MTA group (p < 0.05). The secretion of IL-1β was significantly greater only in the MTA group (p < 0.001). It was concluded that only MTA is able to improve the secretion of IL-1β, and all materials tested increased IL-8 secretion. These results combined with all the other biological advantages of MTA indicate that it could be considered the material of choice for dental pulp capping.

The Src Substrate SKAP2 Regulates Actin Assembly by Interacting with WAVE2 and Cortactin Proteins

“…Three-dimensional Gel Invasion Assay-The transwell migration assay conditions were described under "Transwell Assay (Monolayer)" and have been described previously (20). The gel (serum-free medium containing 0.2 mg/ml type I-collagen (Nitta Gelatin) and 2.5 mg/ml Matrigel matrix (BD Biosciences)) was laid onto the upper chamber of transwells.…”

“…To generate miRNA-resistant SKAP2, silent mutations were introduced into mouse SKAP2 cDNA. The migration of these cells was examined by transwell assay (20). SKAP2-KD cells migrated more rapidly than wildtype cells both in the U87MG and NIH3T3 cell lines, whereas restoration of wild-type SKAP2 significantly suppressed cell migration (Fig.…”

Comparative evaluation of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in pulpotomized primary molars

“…Hence, the factors affecting the success of vital pulp therapy are still of great concern for researchers. It is now well known that the key to successful vital pulp therapy is correct assessment of the degree of pulpal inflammation (1)(2)(3). Currently, histological examination is the gold standard for pulpal diagnosis, but this requires pulp removal, which is not feasible in a clinical situation (1).…”

“…The presence of cytokines in the inflamed pulp tissue has been widely reported. The degree of pulpal inflammation is usually related directly to the size and type of exposure, which may be either mechanical or carious (3,4). Evaluation of cytokine levels in samples obtained from teeth with each type of exposure can provide an indication of the degree of pulpal inflammation.…”

“…The relationship between cytokines and pulpotomy agents, such as calcium hydroxide (CH), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and formocresol (FC), has been evaluated in some studies (2,3).…”