Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Two Employees at a Skilled Nursing Facility: Screening and Treatment Protocols

Dillon, Keira; Herip, Donald; Petersen, Ellen

doi:10.1177/216507990505301104

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…A compromised immune system also results in poor detection rates of infection due to the tuberculin skin test (TST) reliance on a strong delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction [ 9 ]. Our recent report demonstrates that a discordance between TST and other diagnostics may add to the risk of transmission in nursing homes [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B cell responses in older adults with latent tuberculosis: Considerations for vaccine development

Helbig

Rekhtman

Dostie

et al. 2016

Glob Vaccines Immunol

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Reactivation of latent tuberculosis (LTBI) is more common among the aging population and may contribute to increased transmission in long-term health care facilities. Difficulties in detecting LTBI due to potential blunting of the tuberculin skin test (TST), and the lowered ability of the elderly to tolerate the course of antibiotics, underscore the need for an effective vaccine. Immuno-senescence reduces the capacity of vaccines to induce sufficient levels of protective immunity against many pathogens, further increasing the susceptibility of the elderly to infectious diseases. We sought to evaluate the response of B cells to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in residents of long-term care facilities to determine the feasibility of using a vaccine to control infection and transmission from reactivated LTBI. Our results demonstrate that although B cell responses were higher in subjects with LTBI, Mtb antigens could stimulate B cell activation and differentiation in vitro in TST negative subjects. B cells from elderly subjects expressed high basal levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 and responded strongly to Mtb ligands with some activation pathways dependent on TLR2. B cells derived from blood, tonsil and spleen from younger subjects responded similarly and to the same magnitude. These results suggest that B cell responses are robust in the elderly and modifications to a TB vaccine, such as TLR2 ligand-based adjuvants, may help increase immune responses to a protective level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B cell responses in older adults with latent tuberculosis: Considerations for vaccine development

Helbig

Rekhtman

Dostie

et al. 2016

Glob Vaccines Immunol

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Treating Tuberculosis in Older Adults

Zanni¹,

Wick²

2008

The Consultant Pharmacist

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Every second, someone becomes infected with tuberculosis (TB) someplace on Earth. Mycobacterium tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can attack any organ. TB occurs along a continuum, and infected individuals may have latent or active TB. In the United States, public health efforts between 1953 and the early 1980s successfully reduced the number of cases. The number began to grow in the 1980s, and several causes were implicated. In the last few years, the number of active TB cases has declined significantly, but drug-resistant TB has become a growing concern. The elderly are at high risk for TB, especially if they are long-term care residents.

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Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Two Employees at a Skilled Nursing Facility: Screening and Treatment Protocols

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

B cell responses in older adults with latent tuberculosis: Considerations for vaccine development

B cell responses in older adults with latent tuberculosis: Considerations for vaccine development

Treating Tuberculosis in Older Adults

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