Pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors in areas of high levels of poverty in Chiapas, Mexico

Sánchez-Pérez, Héctor Javier; Flores-Hernández, JA; Jansà, JM; Caylà, J A; Martín-Mateo, Miguel

doi:10.1093/ije/30.2.386

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, there were only 18 cases; the study had very low power to detect any such potential association of interest. Aside from cough of 2 or more weeks duration, which is incorporated within our algorithm, among the other symptoms considered, none was significantly associated with pulmonary tuberculosis status, which is in contrast to the finding of a study in Mexico [19], wherein blood in sputum was significant predictor of pulmonary tuberculosis. This clinical variable was not statistically significant in our study perhaps due to the low power and may merit further evaluation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…Alvi et al [17] used a rapid village survey method, which entailed going to every house [18], almost comparable with the sampling design used in this study. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among those who provided at least one sputum sample was 16.2%, which is twice as high as reported in marginalized communities in Mexico [19]. The factors which possibly could explain this difference may include differing government spending priorities for public health, rates of case detection, and the subsequent treatment of cases which may have reduced the rates of secondary transmission in their settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hyperendemic pulmonary tuberculosis in peri-urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCurrently there are very limited empirical data available on the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among residents of marginalized settings in Pakistan. This study assessed the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis through active case detection and evaluated predictors of pulmonary tuberculosis among residents of two peri-urban neighbourhoods of Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in two peri-urban neighbourhoods from May 2002 to November 2002. Systematic sampling design was used to select households for inclusion in the study. Consenting subjects aged 15 years or more from selected households were interviewed and, whenever possible, sputum samples were obtained. Sputum samples were subjected to direct microscopy by Ziehl-Neelson method, bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests.ResultsThe prevalence (per 100,000) of pulmonary tuberculosis among the subjects aged 15 years or more, who participated in the study was 329 (95% confidence interval (CI): 195 – 519). The prevalence (per 100,000) of pulmonary tuberculosis adjusted for non-sampling was 438 (95% CI: 282 – 651). Other than cough, none of the other clinical variables was significantly associated with pulmonary tuberculosis status. Analysis of drug sensitivity pattern of 15 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed that one strain was resistant to isoniazid alone, one to streptomycin alone and one was resistant to isoniazid and streptomycin. The remaining 12 strains were susceptible to all five drugs including streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide.ConclusionThis study of previously undetected tuberculosis cases in an impoverished peri-urban setting reveals the poor operational performance of Pakistan's current approach to tuberculosis control; it also demonstrates a higher prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis than current national estimates. Public health authorities may wish to augment health education efforts aimed at prompting health-seeking behaviour to facilitate more complete and earlier case detection. Such efforts to improve passive case-finding, if combined with more accessible DOTS infra-structure for treatment of detected cases, may help to diminish the high tuberculosis-related morbidity and mortality in marginalized populations. The economics of implementing a more active approach to case finding in resource-constrained setting also deserve further study.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hyperendemic pulmonary tuberculosis in peri-urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The results found are in agreement with other studies of populations marginalized in socioeconomic terms and in access to health services, carried out not only in Ecuador 3 but also in México, 16 and in which the patchwork methodology was also used.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Conformance contrast testing between rates of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ecuadorian border areas

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. To estimate rates of cases of respiratory symptomatic subjects and the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in two border areas of Ecuador, and contrast them with official figures. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional survey in the southeastern (SEBA), and the Andean southern Ecuadorian border areas (ASBA), which were conducted, respectively, in 1 598 and 2 419 persons aged over 15 years recruited over periods of three weeks. In identified respiratory symptomatic cases, a sputum sample was taken for smear testing. The results (odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals), were compared with local and national official figures using maximum likelihood contrasts. Results. The rates of respiratory symptomatic subjects (7.7% and 5.9% in the SEBA, and ASBA, respectively) and of pulmonary tuberculosis (cumulative incidence rates of 125 and 140 per 100 000 inhabitants, in the same order) were significantly greater than the official figures (of 0.98 and 0.99% for respiratory symptomatic subjects in the SEBA and ASBA, respectively; and of 38.23 per 100 000 inhabitants for pulmonary tuberculosis in Ecuador as a whole) (p<0.001). Conclusion. It is necessary to reinforce both active case finding for respiratory symptomatic subject cases, and epidemiological surveillance of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ecuadorian border regions.

show abstract

“…Because there were significant socioeconomic differences noted between diabetic and nondiabetic patients, it is possible that persons with better access to health care services were more likely to be diagnosed with both diabetes and tuberculosis. However, in this study, patients with tuberculosis were actively sought, and prior analysis has shown tuberculosis to be more commonly diagnosed in individuals of lower socioeconomic status (27). Therefore, there was no differential opportunity for diagnosis of tuberculosis according to availability of health services.…”

Section: Figure 1-impact Of Undersampling and Increase In Interval Bementioning

confidence: 95%

Tuberculosis and Diabetes in Southern Mexico

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE—To determine the impact of diabetes on the rates of tuberculosis in a region where both diseases are prevalent. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data from a population-based cohort of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing clinical and mycobacteriologic evaluation (isolation, identification, drug-susceptibility testing, and IS6110-based genotyping and spoligotyping) were linked to the 2000 National Health Survey (ENSA2000), a national probabilistic, polystage, stratified, cluster household survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of Mexico. RESULTS—From March 1995 to March 2003, 581 patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and fingerprint were diagnosed, 29.6% of whom had been diagnosed previously with diabetes by a physician. According to the ENSA2000, the estimated prevalence of diabetes in the study area was 5.3% (95% CI 4.1–6.5). The estimated rates of tuberculosis for the study area were greater for patients with diabetes than for nondiabetic individuals (209.5 vs. 30.7 per 100,000 person-years, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS—In this setting, the rate of tuberculosis was increased 6.8-fold (95% CI 5.7–8.2, P < 0.0001) in patients with diabetes due to increases in both reactivated and recently transmitted infection. Comorbidity with diabetes may increase tuberculosis rates as much as coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with important implications for the allocation of health care resources.

show abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors in areas of high levels of poverty in Chiapas, Mexico

Abstract: The high prevalence of PTB detected indicates the need, both in the area studied and in others with similar conditions, to develop PTB control programmes which give priority to early diagnosis and to the provision of adequate treatment.

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

Hyperendemic pulmonary tuberculosis in peri-urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan

Hyperendemic pulmonary tuberculosis in peri-urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan

Conformance contrast testing between rates of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ecuadorian border areas

Tuberculosis and Diabetes in Southern Mexico

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About