Pulmonary Tissue Reactions in Response to Smoke Injury

Abstract

Rats were exposed for 30 minutes at the approximate LC50 of Douglas fir (DF), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyisocyanurate foam (PI) smokes produced in a radiant furnace at 2.5 w/cm2. They were sacrificed and examined for respira tory tissue changes at 24 hours following exposure. All smokes produced air way injury. The more extensive airway injury produced by PVC smoke and, in some instances, by PI smoke, involved the entire epithelial surface area of the trachea and the surfaces of lobar and first division sublobar bronchi. The injury produced by DF smoke was concentrated in the proximal one-half of the trachea. The injuries are discussed with respect to potential chemical toxicants.

Lung Injury after Experimental Smoke Inhalation: Particle-Associated Changes in Alveolar Macrophages

“…The nuclear chromatin (6,25). The nonspecificity of these changes probably reflects the direct toxicity of many smoke constituents (2,7,9,12,16,20,29), the effects of products released from locally altered or reactive inflammatory leukocytes (3,16,29,31), platelets and endothelial cells (5,28,33), and changes in lung blood flow (29). We too found similar lung pathology in the exposed mice.…”

A Simple, Inexpensive Solid Fuel Furnace for Small Scale Combustion Toxicity Studies

“…The ends of a selected length of the resistance wire (Chromel, 26 AWG, Hoskins Mfg. Co., Hamburg, MI) heater were held in place between two nuts on each of the rods.…”

“…The heater assembly (Figure 1) consisted of two 0.47 cm (3/16 inch) diameter threaded metal rods inserted through a 2.54 cm diameter by 6.35 cm long phenolic plug. The ends of a selected length of the resistance wire (Chromel, 26 AWG, Hoskins Mfg. Co., Hamburg, MI) heater were held in place between two nuts on each of the rods.…”

“…The sample volume was over 2 times the 1100 m3 fire compartment volume where the smoke was evolved. Total smoke concentrations, based on nominal calculations, ranging from 7 to 142.7 g/M3 have been reported in several small scale inhalation toxicity studies of smoldering wood smoke [25][26][27][28]. Assuming that the aerosol fraction of the total smoke mass concentration was 3.5%, the corresponding aerosol mass concentrations would range from 0.24 to 5.0 g/M3.…”