Pulmonary Thromboembolism Associated With Blastomyces dermatitidis in a Dog

McGuire, Nancy; Vitsky, Allison; Daly, Curt M.; Behr, Melissa

doi:10.5326/0380425

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In veterinary medicine, MPTE has been described as a complication of various medical and surgical disorders in dogs, cats and cattle (Breeze et al 1976;LaRue and Murtaugh 1990;Johnson et al 1990;Baines and Watson 2001;Whitley and Stepien 2001;Carr et al 2002;McGuire et al 2002;Liska and Poteet 2003;Schermerhorn et al 2004;Davidson et al 2006). It has been noted on necropsy examination of a septic foal and in mature horses with necrotising pneumonia (Carr et al 1997;Barton et al 1998;Ryu et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive pulmonary thromboembolism in six horses

Norman¹,

Chaffin

Perris³

et al. 2008

Equine Veterinary Journal

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This report involves 6 cases in which medical records and post mortem findings were reviewed leading to the diagnosis of massive pulmonary thromboembolism (MPTE). All horses were mature and MPTE has not been recognised previously as a sequel to generalised systemic illness in mature horses. The clinical data and pathological findings of the cases are reported and the authors conclude that MPTE is an uncommon but important complication of medical and surgical disorders in mature horses. In 3 of the cases, the condition was nonfatal suggesting that some horses having developed PTE survive and the condition may not be recognised in such cases. The incidence of the condition might be higher than supposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive pulmonary thromboembolism in six horses

Norman¹,

Chaffin

Perris³

et al. 2008

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Systemic hypercoagulability has not been previously described in association with blastomycosis, although pulmonary thromboembolism and arterial thromboembolism (with atrial wall erosion by an infected lymph node) occur in infected dogs and a single report describes deep venous thrombosis with pulmonary embolism in a horse with systemic blastomycosis . The purpose of this study was to determine whether dogs with naturally occurring, untreated blastomycosis were hypercoagulable as compared to healthy control animals from a similar environment.…”

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confidence: 96%

Hypercoagulability in Dogs with Blastomycosis

McMichael

O'Brien

Smith

2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Blastomycosis is a potentially fatal fungal disease that most commonly affects humans and dogs. The organism causes systemic inflammation and has a predilection for the lungs. The inflammation might lead to a hypercoagulable state with microemboli in the pulmonary circulation which could contribute to inadequate oxygen exchange in infected dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives: Dogs with blastomycosis will be hypercoagulable compared with healthy case-matched controls. Animals: Client-owned dogs with a diagnosis of blastomycosis (n = 23) and healthy case-matched controls (n = 23).Methods: Prospective case-controlled study of client-owned dogs presented to a veterinary teaching hospital with clinical signs compatible with blastomycosis. Complete blood counts, fibrinogen, PT, aPTT, thromboelastometry (TE), thrombin antithrombin complexes (TAT), and thrombin generation were evaluated.Results: Cases had a leukocytosis compared with controls [mean (SD) 16.6 (7.6) 9 10 3 /lL versus 8.2 (1.8) 9 10 3 /lL, P < .001], hyperfibrinogenemia [median 784 mg/dL, range 329-1,443 versus median 178 mg/dL, range 82-257, P < .001], and increased TAT concentrations [mean (SD) 9.0 (5.7) lg/L versus 2.0 (2.8) lg/L, P < .001]. As compared to controls, cases were also hypercoagulable as evaluated by thromboelastometry and had increased in vitro thrombin generation on calibrated automated thrombography.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Hypercoagulability occurs in dogs with systemic blastomycosis. Additional studies are needed to explore a possible contribution of thrombogenicity to the clinical manifestations of systemic blastomycosis.

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“…A plethora of diseases depend on the origin of PTE in animals. In dogs, PTE can be the result of diseases such as heartworm disease Dirofilaria immitis, Leishmaniasis, fungal infection by Blastomyces dermatitidis, bacterial disease, sepsis, DIC, immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA), neoplasia, hyperadrenocorticism, pancreatitis, nephrotic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and hypothyroidism (McCartney 1927;LaRue and Murtaugh 1990;Nichols 1990;Rawlings et al 1993;Klein et al 1989;Kittleson et al 1998;Ware and Fenner 1998;Norris et al 1999;Johnson et al 1999;McGuire et al 2002). In cats, PTE is the result of cardiomyopathies, neoplasia, IMHA sepsis Protein-losing nephropathy PLN or Protein-losing enteropathy PLE (Norris et al 1999;Sottiaux and Franck 1999).…”

Section: Types Of Thromboembolism Pulmonary Thromboembolism (Pte)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thromboembolic Conditions, Aetiology Diagnosis and Treatment in Dogs and Cats

Konecny¹

2010

Acta Vet. Brno

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In veterinary medicine, thrombo-embolism (TE) is an under-appreciated medical condition that requires immediate recognition. Since TE is multifactorial and its mode of presentation may vary, veterinarians face great difficulties in making a definitive diagnosis in a timely manner. In addition, most of the underlying conditions that give rise to TE are life-threatening and an aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach is required. Not only does the diagnosis and treatment of this condition require the collaboration of many specialties, the costs of therapy can be excessive with a high risk of recurrence. As such, owners have to be thoroughly informed before the therapy commences. While TE has been well-characterized in humans and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, little information of similar quality is available in veterinary medicine. In addition, TE in animals is distinct from its human counterpart and we cannot simply adapt what is known from human clinical trials. With the promise of improvements in imaging modalities that improve our diagnostic capabilities, the window of opportunity to treat TE increases. This article focuses on aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of dogs and cats affected by TE. Prothrombotic conditions, non-pulsatile blood flow, endothelial damage, hypercoagulability, clinical presentationThrombo-embolism (TE) in animal patients (canine and feline) can occur at various anatomical locations, including pulmonary vessels, portal vein, vena cava, aortic trifurcation, heart, renal and cerebral arteries, intestinal and mesenteric vessels, spleen, iliac, femoral, coronary and brachial arteries, femoral vein, and vessels of the microcirculation (Butler 1971;Liu et al. 1986; Klein et al. 1989;LaRue and Murtaugh 1990;Laste et al. 1992;Van Winkle and Bruce 1993;Rawlings et al. 1993;Sottiaux and Franck 1998;Palmer et al. 1998;Driehuys et al. 1998;Sottiaux and Franck 1999; Diaz Espineira 1999;Bateman et al. 1999;Norris et al. 1999;Boswood et al. 2000; Tsujino et al. 2005; Gonçalves et al. 2008). The clinical effects of thrombo-embolism depend mainly on the size and site of the final destination of the thrombus/embolus.It is commonly accepted that arterial thrombi are composed predominantly of platelets as compared to fibrin. This is in contrast to vein thrombi, where platelets are scarce and there are larger amounts of cross-linked fibrin. Arterial clots are also generally firmly attached to the underlying vessel wall. In this setting, clot dislodgement will sometimes occur, causing re-canalization of the vessel with relief of the obstruction, but the threat of embolism distally remains. In contrast, venous thrombi are mainly associated with lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in humans. DVT, however, is not common in veterinary patients. This is thought to be due to the differences in the epigenetics, platelet structure, vascular anatomy and physiological non-bipedal circulation. In fact, venous thrombi tend to be occlusive with resulting ...

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Pulmonary Thromboembolism Associated With Blastomyces dermatitidis in a Dog

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Massive pulmonary thromboembolism in six horses

Massive pulmonary thromboembolism in six horses

Hypercoagulability in Dogs with Blastomycosis

Thromboembolic Conditions, Aetiology Diagnosis and Treatment in Dogs and Cats

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