Pulmonary TB bacteriologically confirmed by induced sputum among children at Bugando Medical Centre, Tanzania

Abstract

Sputum induction is both safe and feasible in a severely resource-limited hospital, and can lead to microbiological PTB diagnosis that would not be detected by clinical criteria alone.

Alternative sputum collection methods for diagnosis of childhood intrathoracic tuberculosis: a systematic literature review

“…In 16 studies, bronchodilators were administered before induction and in eight studies samples were collected after nasopharyngeal suction. In Moore et al ,32 Planting et al 10 and Sabi et al ,21 60%, 21% and 1.6% of samples, respectively, were expectorated spontaneously after IS.…”

“…Out of 440 records screened, 30 studies (31 articles)5–35 were included in the review (online Supplementary figure 1).…”

“…Only seven studies10 18 21 28 29 32 34 reported tolerability data and only for the IS. The proportion of patients with adverse events ranged between 0.4% and 27.9% for nose bleeding, 0%–1.1% for wheezing, 0%–1.6% for transient hypoxia and 0.5%–4.0% for vomiting.…”

Immunologic-based Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Among Children Younger Than 5 Years of Age Exposed and Unexposed to Tuberculosis in Tanzania

“…The nurses also performed sputum induction the morning after enrollment and collected induced sputum samples for Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid; Sunnyvale, CA, USA). 20,21 Parents/caregivers were given two pre-labeled containers and were instructed to bring urine and stool samples from their children the following day for screening of helminth infection. Additionally, each participant was provided with a plastic pocket that had an adhesive tape (50 x 20 mm) and a pre-labeled glass slide and asked to submit the slide with anal adhesive tape for Enterobius vermicularis examination.…”

“…We performed Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid; Sunnyvale, CA, USA) on the induced sputum samples20 to diagnose active TB disease in the laboratory at Temeke district hospital. The laboratory is subject to continuous quality control monitoring by the Central Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (Dar es Salaam, Tanzania).QuantiFERON -TB Gold (QFT):We used venous blood to measure M. tuberculosis-specific T-cell responses, measuring levels of interferon-gamma released in whole blood in response to stimulation with the M. tuberculosis-specific antigens.…”