Pulmonary staging in colorectal cancer: a review

Parnaby, Craig; Bailey, W; Balasingam, Adrian; Beckert, Lutz; Eglinton, Timothy; Fife, James D.; Frizelle, Frank; Jeffery, Mark; Watson, Angus

doi:10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02601.x

Cited by 68 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This may be because cells from a liver metastasis can easily move into the systemic circulation. This is supported by findings of previous reports that the presence of liver metastasis is a risk factor for lung metastasis in colorectal cancer (4,9,12).…”

Section: Original Article Han Et Al Emphasis Of Rectal Cancer Locatisupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Therefore, in this study, we used a cut-off value of 5.3 cm from the anal verge, derived from an ROC analysis, in order to divide the rectum into upper and lower compartments. There have been several reports in which the incidence of pulmonary metastasis was found to be significantly different between cases involving rectal or colon tumors (1,4,12). However, to our knowledge, there has been no published report about the incidence of pulmonary metastasis arising from tumors in different parts of the rectum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Several authors have suggested that pulmonary staging in colorectal cancer should be utilized for high-risk patients. Reported high-risk groups included rectal cancer patients with a higher T stage tumor or liver metastasis (4,9,12). In this study, we found that the incidence of pulmonary metastasis was higher among patients with lower rectal cancer and with liver metastasis, and this in turn has implications for its management.…”

Section: Original Article Han Et Al Emphasis Of Rectal Cancer Locatimentioning

confidence: 60%

“…However, the likelihood of cancer spreading to a particular site might be influenced by the location of the tumor within the colorectum. Previous studies have found that the incidence of pulmonary metastasis ranges from 10% to 18% for rectal cancer, but from only 5% to 6% for colon cancer (4). In addition, rectal cancer is known to be more strongly associated with the presence of isolated pulmonary metastases than colon cancer (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Location of rectal cancer as determined using rectal magnetic resonance imaging, and its relationship with pulmonary metastasis

Han¹,

Kim²,

Park³

et al. 2015

Turk J Gastroenterol

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Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in locating rectal cancer, and to determine whether tumor location correlates with the incidence of pulmonary metastasis. Materials and Methods: A total of 146 patients with confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma underwent 3-T rectal MRI, and abdominal and chest computed tomography (CT) within 2 weeks of the endoscopic examination. We reviewed the distance between the mass and the anal verge recorded in the endoscopic reports of these patients. Two radiologists evaluated the same distance on MRI scans by using picture archiving and communications systems. Multiple factors including the tumor location, primary tumor and lymph node stage, lung and liver metastasis, pathologic differentiation, and the carcinoembryonic antigen level were evaluated. The correlation between tumor location on MRI and endoscopy was assessed, and significant factors influencing pulmonary metastasis were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between the tumor location established using MRI and the actual location recorded during endoscopy. The incidence of pulmonary metastasis was significantly higher in patients with lower rectal cancer (11/17, 65%) compared to those with upper rectal cancer (6/17, 35%; p<0.05). Factors associated with pulmonary metastasis were tumor location and the presence of liver metastasis. Conclusion: The accurate tumor location could be indicated using 3-T rectal MRI. Pulmonary metastasis occurred more frequently in patients with lower rectal cancer than in those with upper rectal cancer.

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Section: Original Article Han Et Al Emphasis Of Rectal Cancer Locatisupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Original Article Han Et Al Emphasis Of Rectal Cancer Locatimentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Location of rectal cancer as determined using rectal magnetic resonance imaging, and its relationship with pulmonary metastasis

Han¹,

Kim²,

Park³

et al. 2015

Turk J Gastroenterol

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“…In this prospective head-to-head comparison, PET/CT-based M-staging showed robust reproducibility and better specificity and higher total correct classification rate than CT. Organ-specific M-staging accuracies confirm previous findings of overdiagnosis of suspicious lung lesions in CC patients by CT [35], even in a CC cohort displaying a considerably higher prevalence of lung metastases than reported in the literature [36]. PET/CT achieves an unmatched specificity for detection of lung metastases and could be a solution to the diagnostic dilemma of "indeterminate lung lesions" in CC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography for optimized colon cancer staging and follow-up.

Engelmann

Loft

Kjær

et al. 2014

JCO

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Objectives. Optimal management of colon cancer (CC) requires detailed assessment of extent of disease. This study prospectively investigates the diagnostic accuracy of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) for staging and detection of recurrence in primary CC. Material and methods. PET/ CT for preoperative staging was performed in 66 prospectively included patients with primary CC. Diagnostic accuracy for PET/CT and CT was analyzed. In addition to routine follow up, 42 stages I-III CC patients had postoperative PET/CT examinations every 6 months for 2 years. Serological levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), carcinoembryonic antigen, and liberated domain I of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor were analyzed. Results. Accuracy for tumor, nodal, and metastases staging by PET/CT were 82% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70; 91), 66% (CI: 51; 78), and 89% (CI: 79; 96); for CT the accuracy was 77% (CI: 64; 87), 60% (CI: 46; 73), and 69% (CI: 57; 80). Cumulative relapse incidences for stages I-III CC at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were 7.1% (CI: 0; 15); 14.3% (CI: 4; 25); 19% (CI: 7; 31), and 21.4% (CI: 9; 34). PET/CT diagnosed all relapses detected during the first 2 years. High preoperative TIMP-1 levels were associated with significant hazards toward risk of recurrence and shorter overall survival. Conclusions. This study indicates PET/CT as a valuable tool for staging and follow up in CC. TIMP-1 provided prognostic information potentially useful in selection of patients for intensive follow up.

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Metastatic Colon and Rectal Cancer: Role of Multidisciplinary Team-Based Management

Chan

Lim

Tan

2014

Transdisciplinary Perioperative Care in Colorectal Surgery

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Pulmonary staging in colorectal cancer: a review

Abstract: Studies show that chest CT scanning increases the detection rates for ILL and pulmonary metastases. The clinical benefit of the increased detection rates is not clear. There is a paucity of data assessing the optimal chest staging strategy for patients presenting with CRC.

Cited by 68 publications

References 25 publications

Location of rectal cancer as determined using rectal magnetic resonance imaging, and its relationship with pulmonary metastasis

Location of rectal cancer as determined using rectal magnetic resonance imaging, and its relationship with pulmonary metastasis

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography for optimized colon cancer staging and follow-up.

Metastatic Colon and Rectal Cancer: Role of Multidisciplinary Team-Based Management

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