Pulmonary Reactions to Organic Dust Exposures: Development of an Animal Model

Castranova, Vincent; Robinson, Victor A.; Frazer, David G.

doi:10.2307/3432695

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The inhalation exposure system used in these studies was previously adapted from the Pitt 3 generator and utilized by NIOSH to allow nose-only exposure of mice to fungal conidia [24,32,33]. Clumps of A. versicolor-covered rice grains were broken apart by hand in an antistatic bag (LJY, Brighton, CO, USA) and placed in an acoustical particle generator.…”

Section: Conidia Aerosolizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Aspergillus versicolor Culture and Aerosolization in a Murine Model of Inhalational Fungal Exposure

Blackwood,

Croston,

Barnes

et al. 2023

JoF

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Aspergillus versicolor is ubiquitous in the environment and is particularly abundant in damp indoor spaces. Exposure to Aspergillus species, as well as other environmental fungi, has been linked to respiratory health outcomes, including asthma, allergy, and even local or disseminated infection. However, the pulmonary immunological mechanisms associated with repeated exposure to A. versicolor have remained relatively uncharacterized. Here, A. versicolor was cultured and desiccated on rice then placed in an acoustical generator system to achieve aerosolization. Mice were challenged with titrated doses of aerosolized conidia to examine deposition, lymphoproliferative properties, and immunotoxicological response to repeated inhalation exposures. The necessary dose to induce lymphoproliferation was identified, but not infection-like pathology. Further, it was determined that the dose was able to initiate localized immune responses. The data presented in this study demonstrate an optimized and reproducible method for delivering A. versicolor conidia to rodents via nose-only inhalation. Additionally, the feasibility of a long-term repeated exposure study was established. This experimental protocol can be used in future studies to investigate the physiological effects of repeated pulmonary exposure to fungal conidia utilizing a practical and relevant mode of delivery. In total, these data constitute an important foundation for subsequent research in the field.

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Section: Conidia Aerosolizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Aspergillus versicolor Culture and Aerosolization in a Murine Model of Inhalational Fungal Exposure

Blackwood,

Croston,

Barnes

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…[1][2][3] Sebelumnya ODTS dikenal sebagai atypical famer's lung, silo unloader's syndrome dan inhalation fever (mill fever, humidifier fever atau grain fever). [4][5][6][7][8] Gejala yang terjadi pada ODTS biasanya berupa demam yang timbul setelah terinhalasi debu organik. Gejala yang timbul tergantung dari tempat kerjanya.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Bahkan kepustakaan lain menyebutkan dapat sembuh dalam waktu 24 jam. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]…”

Section: Definisiunclassified

“…Semua gambaran klinis ini akan menghilang dengan sendirinya dalam waktu 36-48 jam tanpa disertai gejala sisa jika disertai dengan menghindari pajanan debu organik tersebut. 6 Biji-bijian (grain) merupakan debu organik yang sangat kompleks partikelnya, mengandung partikel organik dan non organik. Semuanya dapat terpajan dengan mudah dan tergantung dari ukuran partikelnya.…”

Section: Gambaran Klinisunclassified

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Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome (ODTS)

Bachtiar

Susanto

2019

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Organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) was manifestation of some acute symptoms, (same with acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis) with initially by flu like syndrome that were fever, malaise, myalgia, dry cough, dyspnea, and headache after exposure of organic dust in several hours. Etiology of ODTS usually from agricultural environment like hay, grain, straw, moldy, pollen, mycotoxins, bacteria and endotoxin. Organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) spontaneous recovery without sequele if patients avoid organic dust exposure immediately and avoid recurrent exposure. The best treatment were supportive therapy and preventive therapy from that etiology.Key words: ODTS, pneumonitis hipersensitif

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“…LPS is ubiquitous in the environment and especially abundant in the air on farms, in cotton textile factories, and in many other sites that are rich in organic dusts. Many studies have reported adverse effects in both humans and animals associated with inhalation exposure to organic dust. − These studies have concluded that organic dust generated by human activities is sufficient to cause certain health issues. Endotoxin concentrations of 1000–2000 ng/m 3 [approximately 10000–20000 endotoxin units (EU)/m 3 ] may produce organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) and at concentrations of 100–200 ng/m 3 (approximately 1000–2000 EU/m 3 ) may induce bronchoconstriction. , Levels above 100 EU/m 3 significantly increased the risk of chronic bronchitis ( p < 0.0001) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endotoxins: The Critical Risk Factor in Reclaimed Water via Inhalation Exposure

Xue

Zhang

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The use of reclaimed water for nonpotable uses requires consideration of potential adverse health effects. Considering that inhalation can be a significant route of transmission of microorganisms and inflammatory agents, this study used a mouse model to test the possible adverse effects of reclaimed water use during car washing where aerosols are generated. Intensive innate immune responses were found in the lungs after acute exposure, and the lavage polymorphonuclear cell proportion was the most sensitive end point. Four types of evidence are presented to demonstrate that the main risk factor that initiates innate inflammation is the free endotoxin. (1) Small molecules (<10 kDa) cannot induce inflammation. (2) The endotoxin levels of 11 water samples from five different plants showed positive correlations with inflammatory responses. (3) Actual water samples showed similar activities with free endotoxins other than bacterially bound endotoxins. (4) Specific removal of endotoxins with polymyxin B affinity chromatography further confirmed the role of free endotoxins. It is noteworthy that 62.9% of the investigated tertiary-treated water had endotoxin levels higher than the allowable acute threshold (120 endotoxin units/mL) under the hypothesized car wash condition, which strongly suggests the need to carefully consider the water treatment steps required to produce safe water for various reclaimed water end uses.

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Pulmonary Reactions to Organic Dust Exposures: Development of an Animal Model

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Optimization of Aspergillus versicolor Culture and Aerosolization in a Murine Model of Inhalational Fungal Exposure

Optimization of Aspergillus versicolor Culture and Aerosolization in a Murine Model of Inhalational Fungal Exposure

Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome (ODTS)

Endotoxins: The Critical Risk Factor in Reclaimed Water via Inhalation Exposure

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