Pulmonary Mycetoma due to Coccidioides immitis

Thadepalli, Haragopal; Salem, Frank A.; Mandal, Ashis Kumar; Rambhatla, Kamalakar; Einstein, Hans E.

doi:10.1378/chest.71.3.429

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Furthermore, we have also demonstrated that 28% of the invasive mold diseases in our bone marrow transplant recipients were caused by Aspergillus species other than A. fumigatus and A. flavus (22). It is therefore logical to assume that the remaining four patients with mycetoma were infected by Aspergillus species other than A. fumigatus or A. flavus or other molds such as P. boydii and Penicillium species (4,9,11,(13)(14)(15)20). We speculate that about six to seven out of the 37 patients with bronchiectasis or old tuberculosis should be positive for antibody against other Aspergillus species or other molds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…It is well known that molds will colonize and proliferate in the lung parenchymal cavities of patients with old tuberculosis, leading to mycetoma formation. Fungal species that have been implicated as causative agents of mycetoma include Aspergillus species, Pseudallescheria boydii, Coccidioides species, Penicillium species, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Schizophyllum commune, of which the most common are Aspergillus species (4,9,11,(13)(14)(15)20). The true incidence of aspergillous mycetoma, or aspergilloma, is unknown, but it has been estimated that it occurs in 11 to 17% of patients with tuberculous cavities (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Association of Presence of Aspergillus Antibodies with Hemoptysis in Patients with Old Tuberculosis or Bronchiectasis but No Radiologically Visible Mycetoma

et al. 2004

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Old tuberculosis and bronchiectasis are the two most important causes of chronic structural changes of lungs in our locality. In the absence of radiologically visible mycetoma, the cause of hemoptysis in these two groups of patients is largely unknown. A 17-month prospective study was carried out to compare the prevalence of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus antibodies in hemoptysis patients with old tuberculosis or bronchiectasis but no radiologically visible mycetoma (cases, n ‫؍‬ 38), hemoptysis patients with other diagnosis (control group 1, n ‫؍‬ 29), and patients with old tuberculosis or bronchiectasis but no hemoptysis (control group 2, n ‫؍‬ 47) by a recently developed sensitive and specific A. fumigatus and A. flavus antibody assay. There were a significantly larger number of patients with antibody against A. fumigatus or A. flavus among the cases than among the patients in control groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05 in both comparisons). Molds were not recovered from any of the patients. Among the 10 cases with Aspergillus antibody, eight and two had antibody against A. flavus and A. fumigatus, respectively. We conclude that there was an association between the presence of Aspergillus antibodies and hemoptysis in patients with old tuberculosis or bronchiectasis, suggesting that these patients probably had occult infections caused by the corresponding fungi. Development of serological tests against other Aspergillus species as well as other causes of mycetoma will probably increase the detection of occult mold infections in patients with existing parenchymal lung diseases, and treatment of fungal microinvasion may help to alleviate hemoptysis in these patients with bronchiectasis or old tuberculosis who have Aspergillus antibodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Association of Presence of Aspergillus Antibodies with Hemoptysis in Patients with Old Tuberculosis or Bronchiectasis but No Radiologically Visible Mycetoma

et al. 2004

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“…Previous work utilized RPMI-containing media for the co-cultivation of both spherules and mammalian cell lines as well as the conversion of arthroconidia to spherules. A large body of literature has focused on the media composition that promotes the transition from saprophytic to parasitic growth since this morphological switch is important for the virulence of Coccidioides in the human host 7,9,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] . Significant difference in spherule density and size among various Coccidioides strains grown in RPMI-sph media were reported 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A body of literature has documented the rare mycelial parasitic morphology of Coccidioides in several patients that present mycelial forms in tissues [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] . It is conceivable that the mycelial forms in the host could potentially be due to localized microenvironments created by low CO 2 conditions, cell-specific stimuli, or varying degrees of immunocompetence of the host 28,30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the growth and morphology of a BSL-2 Coccidioides posadasii strain that persists in the parasitic life cycle at ambient CO₂

Garcia¹,

Vu²,

Thompson

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Coccidioides is a dimorphic fungus responsible for Valley Fever and is the cause of severe morbidity and mortality in the infected population. Although there is some insight into the genes, pathways, and growth media involved in the parasitic to saprophytic growth transition, the exact determinants that govern this switch are largely unknown. In this work, we examined the growth and morphology of a novel Coccidioides posadasii strain (C. posadasii S/E) that efficiently produces spherules and endospores and persists in the parasitic life cycle at ambient CO2. We demonstrated that C. posadasii S/E remains virulent in an insect infection model. Surprisingly, under spherule inducing conditions, C. posadasii S/E culture was found to be completely hyphal. Differential interference contrast (DIC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed unexpected cellular changes in this strain including cell wall remodeling and formation of septal pores with Woronin bodies. Our study suggests that the C. posadasii S/E strain is a useful BSL2 model for studying the molecular factors that are active during the parasitic life cycle and the mechanisms underlying the parasitic to saprophytic growth transition; a morphological switch that can impact the pathogenicity of the organism in the host.

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“…Atypical forms of C. immitis in tissues from humans have been recognized in several studies (2,3,12,14,15,17,19,20). Immature spherules frequently cannot be distinguished from budding cells of B. dermatitidis, H. capsulatum var.…”

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confidence: 99%

Misleading Manifestations of Coccidioides immitis In Vivo

Kaufman

Valero²,

Padhye

1998

J Clin Microbiol

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We describe a case of coccidioidomycosis in which several unusual morphologic forms of Coccidioides immitis occurred in biopsy tissue from the right lower lung of a patient. To our knowledge, this is the first case where so many diverse morphologic forms were manifested in a single patient in the absence of typical endosporulating spherules. Immature spherules demonstrating segmentation mimicked morula forms of Prototheca spp. Certain elements resembled budding cells of Blastomyces dermatitidis. These consisted of juxtaposed immature spherules without endospores, a germinating endospore, or thick-walled hyphal cells. Branched, septate hyphae and moniliform hyphae consisting of chains of thick-walled arthroconidia or immature spherules were also present. Complement fixation and immunodiffusion tests performed on the patient’s serum were negative for C. immitis, B. dermatitidis, and Histoplasma capsulatum antibodies. Fluorescent-antibody studies were carried out with a specificC. immitis conjugate. All of the diverse fungal tissue elements stained positive with a moderate to strong (2 to 3+) intensity.

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Pulmonary Mycetoma due to Coccidioides immitis

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Association of Presence of Aspergillus Antibodies with Hemoptysis in Patients with Old Tuberculosis or Bronchiectasis but No Radiologically Visible Mycetoma

Association of Presence of Aspergillus Antibodies with Hemoptysis in Patients with Old Tuberculosis or Bronchiectasis but No Radiologically Visible Mycetoma

Characterization of the growth and morphology of a BSL-2 Coccidioides posadasii strain that persists in the parasitic life cycle at ambient CO₂

Misleading Manifestations of Coccidioides immitis In Vivo

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Pulmonary Mycetoma due to Coccidioides immitis

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Association of Presence of Aspergillus Antibodies with Hemoptysis in Patients with Old Tuberculosis or Bronchiectasis but No Radiologically Visible Mycetoma

Association of Presence of Aspergillus Antibodies with Hemoptysis in Patients with Old Tuberculosis or Bronchiectasis but No Radiologically Visible Mycetoma

Characterization of the growth and morphology of a BSL-2 Coccidioides posadasii strain that persists in the parasitic life cycle at ambient CO2

Misleading Manifestations of Coccidioides immitis In Vivo

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Characterization of the growth and morphology of a BSL-2 Coccidioides posadasii strain that persists in the parasitic life cycle at ambient CO₂