Pulmonary Injury Risk Assessment for Short-Duration Blasts

Abstract

The injury risk assessment showed good correlation to some of the existing injury assessments. It also showed good correspondence to a reported human case of blast exposure. Pressure scaling was analyzed to be unnecessary for these short duration exposures. Recommended injury assessments for various orientations relative to the incoming blast wave are included.

In silico investigation of intracranial blast mitigation with relevance to military traumatic brain injury

“…A first simulation was run using an advanced model of the human head without protection exposed to a frontal blast wave of intensity comparable to threshold values of blast lung injury (23,26). The results suggest that the main wave transmission pathways are the soft tissues in direct contact with the incident blast wave.…”

On the prospective contributions of the shock physics community to outstanding issues concerning blast-induced traumatic brain injury

“…In contrast to the existing body of work defining injury criteria (injury risk functions) for thoracic primary blast injuries [19][20][21][22][23][24], studies addressing the definition of injury risk functions for blast TBI applicable to humans are very limited [14,25,26]. Shock tube experiments involving rabbits [25] and ferrets [14] were used by Rafaels et al to propose injury functions from linear logistic regressions for the risk of mild bleeding, moderate to severe bleeding, and fatality.…”

Review: Managing posttraumatic stress disorder in combat veterans with comorbid traumatic brain injury

“…Multiple studies show the pulmonary vulnerability to fatal injury from a blast wave [48][49], but recent results show primary brain blast trauma can occur at about twice the levels needed to cause fatalities from pulmonary sequelae, yet these levels are within the blast intensity from a typical roadside IED at 1 to 2 m distance [38].…”