Pulmonary infection due to the dassie bacillus (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex sp.) in a free-living dassie (rock hyrax—Procavia capensis) from South Africa

Parsons, Sven D.C.; Smith, Sarah; Martins, Quinton; Horsnell, William; Gous, Tertius A.; Streicher, Elizabeth M.; Warren, Robin M.; Helden, Paul D. van; Pittius, Nicolaas C. Gey van

doi:10.1016/j.tube.2007.08.012

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Phylogenetically, the Dassie bacillus [58] and the recently identified Mycobacterium mungi [59], are the closest relatives of M. africanum within the M. tuberculosis complex. The Dassie bacillus has been isolated from Dassies, or Rock Hyrax, in South Africa [60], and M. mungi causes disease in troops of banded mongoose in northern Botswana [59]. However, an extensive search for mycobacteria in terrestrial small mammals in Benin, West Africa, did not identify any members of the M. tuberculosis complex [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genome of Mycobacterium Africanum West African 2 Reveals a Lineage-Specific Locus and Genome Erosion Common to the M. tuberculosis Complex

Bentley

Comas²,

Bryant

et al. 2012

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background M. africanum West African 2 constitutes an ancient lineage of the M. tuberculosis complex that commonly causes human tuberculosis in West Africa and has an attenuated phenotype relative to M. tuberculosis . Methodology/Principal Findings In search of candidate genes underlying these differences, the genome of M. africanum West African 2 was sequenced using classical capillary sequencing techniques. Our findings reveal a unique sequence, RD900, that was independently lost during the evolution of two important lineages within the complex: the “modern” M. tuberculosis group and the lineage leading to M. bovis . Closely related to M. bovis and other animal strains within the M. tuberculosis complex, M. africanum West African 2 shares an abundance of pseudogenes with M. bovis but also with M. africanum West African clade 1. Comparison with other strains of the M. tuberculosis complex revealed pseudogenes events in all the known lineages pointing toward ongoing genome erosion likely due to increased genetic drift and relaxed selection linked to serial transmission-bottlenecks and an intracellular lifestyle. Conclusions/Significance The genomic differences identified between M. africanum West African 2 and the other strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex may explain its attenuated phenotype, and pave the way for targeted experiments to elucidate the phenotypic characteristic of M. africanum . Moreover, availability of the whole genome data allows for verification of conservation of targets used for the next generation of diagnostics and vaccines, in order to ensure similar efficacy in West Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genome of Mycobacterium Africanum West African 2 Reveals a Lineage-Specific Locus and Genome Erosion Common to the M. tuberculosis Complex

Bentley

Comas²,

Bryant

et al. 2012

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…Mycobacterium bovis is one of the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) (Smith et al., ; Palmer, ; Hershberg et al., ; Wirth et al., ; Miller and Sweeney, ; Kamel et al., ). To date, the known members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex consist of: M. tuberculosis , M. canettii , M. africanum subtypes I and II ), M. bovis , M. caprae , M. microti , M. pinnipedii and the attenuated M. bovis BCG (Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin) vaccine strain (OIE, ), in addition to M. orygis (van Ingen et al., ), M. mungi (Alexander et al., ), Dassie bacillus (Parsons et al., ) and Chimpanzee bacillus (Coscolla et al., ). All members of the MTBC exhibit a 99.9% sequence similarity and their 16SrRNA are also conserved, with the exception of M. canetti (Dos Vultos et al., ) and are capable of causing a serious disease with similar pathology (Rodriguez‐Campos et al., ).…”

Section: Aetiology Epidemiology and Zoonotic Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in Humans and Cattle

El-Sayed

El-Shannat

Kamel

et al. 2015

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), is a serious re-emerging disease in both animals and humans. The evolution of the Multi- and Extensively drug-resistant M. bovis strains (MDR-TB and XDR-TB) represents a global threat to public health. Worldwide, the disease is responsible for great economic losses in the veterinary field, serious threat to the ecosystem, and about 3.1% of human TB cases, up to 16% in Tanzania. Only thorough investigation to understand the pathogen's epidemiology can help in controlling the disease and minimizing its threat. For this purpose, various tools have been developed for use in advanced molecular epidemiological studies of bTB, either alone or in combination with standard conventional epidemiological approaches. These techniques enable the analysis of the intra- and inter-species transmission dynamics of bTB. The delivered data can reveal detailed insights into the source of infection, correlations among human and bovine isolates, strain diversity and evolution, spread, geographical localization, host preference, tracing of certain virulence factors such as antibiotic resistance genes, and finally the risk factors for the maintenance and spread of M. bovis. They also allow for the determination of epidemic and endemic strains. This, in turn, has a significant diagnostic impact and helps in vaccine development for bTB eradication programs. The present review discusses many topics including the aetiology, epidemiology and importance of M. bovis, the prevalence of bTB in humans and animals in various countries, the molecular epidemiology of M. bovis, and finally applied molecular epidemiological techniques.

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“…Ubiquitous in nature, Bacillus includes both free-living and pathogenic species. Under stressful environmental conditions, the cells produce oval endospores that remain dormant for extended periods and can invade respiratory epithelial cells and cause pulmonary infection (Coudron et al 1991;Parsons et al 2008). Due to their biodegradation of organic compounds and hazardous substances, Bacillus is widespread in water (Palela et al 2008;Shokrollahzadeh et al 2008;Zulkifly et al 2010) and a significant contributor to bioaerosols in WWTP atmosphere.…”

Section: Dominant Groups and Their Distribution Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing genetic structure, diversity of bacterial aerosol from aeration system in an oxidation ditch wastewater treatment plant by culture methods and bio-molecular tools

Han

Liu

2012

Environ Monit Assess

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Airborne bacteria emissions from oxidation ditch with rotating aeration brushes were investigated in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China. Microbial samples were collected at different distances from the rotating brushes, different heights above the water surface, and different operation state over a 3-month period (April, May, and June) in order to estimate the seasonal variation and site-related distribution characteristics of the microorganisms present. The concentration of bacterial aerosol was analyzed by culture methods, while their dominant species, genetic structure and diversity were assayed using bio-molecular tools. Results showed that total microbial concentrations were highest in June and lowest in April. The mechanical rotation caused remarkable variation in concentration and diversity of culturable airborne bacteria before and after the rotating brushes. The highest concentration was observed near the rotating brushes (931±129-3,952±730 CFU/m 3 ), with concentration decreasing as distance and height increased. Bacterial community polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis indicated that diversity decreased gradually with increasing height above the water surface but remained relatively constant at the same height. All dominant bacteria identified by DNA sequence analysis belonged to Firmicutes. Pathogenic species such as Moraxella nonliquefaciens and Flavobacterium odoratum were isolated from the bioaerosols. Due to the serious health risks involved, exposure of sewage workers to airborne microorganisms caused by brush aerators should be monitored and controlled.

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Pulmonary infection due to the dassie bacillus (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex sp.) in a free-living dassie (rock hyrax—Procavia capensis) from South Africa

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

The Genome of Mycobacterium Africanum West African 2 Reveals a Lineage-Specific Locus and Genome Erosion Common to the M. tuberculosis Complex

The Genome of Mycobacterium Africanum West African 2 Reveals a Lineage-Specific Locus and Genome Erosion Common to the M. tuberculosis Complex

Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in Humans and Cattle

Assessing genetic structure, diversity of bacterial aerosol from aeration system in an oxidation ditch wastewater treatment plant by culture methods and bio-molecular tools

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