“…IPF primarily affects older adults and causes symptoms, such as shortness of breath (dyspnea), coughing, limitations on physical activity,10,11 and reduced health-related quality of life 10,12. Complications include pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, lung cancer, and respiratory failure, which serves as the most common cause of premature death 8,13,14. The course and severity of symptoms are highly variable, but prognosis is typically poor, with median survival 3–5 years after diagnosis 8,15,16.…”