Pulmonary haemorrhage in standardbred horses after racing

Speirs, V. C.; Veenendaal, J. C.; Harrison, Ian; Smyth, G. B.; Anderson, GA; Wilson, Deborah V.; Gilbo, B.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1982.tb02712.x

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Frequency of epistaxis increased with the horse' s age, which was in agreement with findings of previous reports. 1,2,5,6,14 A relationship between sex and epistaxis was not detected by use of the χ 2 test in the present study; however, this factor was significant in the multiple logistic regression, which controlled for the other factors. Some previous studies have also indicated that the frequency of epistaxis or EIPH is higher in females than in males, 3,4 but others have not found such a relationship.…”

Section: Crude or Adjusted Orcontrasting

confidence: 69%

Frequency of and risk factors for epistaxis associated with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses: 251,609 race starts (1992–1997)

Takahashi¹,

Hiraga²,

Ohmura³

et al. 2001

javma

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Section: Crude or Adjusted Orcontrasting

confidence: 69%

Frequency of and risk factors for epistaxis associated with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses: 251,609 race starts (1992–1997)

Takahashi¹,

Hiraga²,

Ohmura³

et al. 2001

javma

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“…However, there are 2 studies that investigated an association between ambient temperature and EIPH in Standardbred racehorses. A study in Australia did not identify an association between EIPH and ambient temperature (9–22° C) in Standardbred horses (Speirs et al . 1982) whereas there was a significant correlation between the proportion of Standardbred horses with EIPH on a given day in Canada and the ambient temperature (‐15–25°C) (Lapointe et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are few studies of the risk factors for EIPH detected by endoscopic examination (Pascoe et al . 1981; Speirs et al . 1982; Raphel and Soma 1982; Lapointe et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage in Thoroughbred racehorses

Hinchcliff¹,

Morley

Jackson

et al. 2010

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryReasons for performing study: Risk factors for occult exerciseinduced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) are poorly defined or quantified. Objectives: To investigate the importance of putative risk factors for EIPH amongst Thoroughbred racehorses in Australia. Methods: Tracheobronchoscopy was used to determine EIPH status of 744 Thoroughbred racehorses after flat racing in Melbourne, Australia. Horses were identified for study before racing, and over 50% of horses racing during the study period were examined. Statistical analysis included use of bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to account for simultaneous effects of a large number of variables. Results: The only risk factor identified as associated with both EIPH Ն1 or Ն2 was ambient temperature, with horses racing at temperatures <20°C being at~2 times risk of occult EIPH. There was no association of EIPH with age, sex, weight carried, track hardness, speed of racing, or air quality. Conclusions: There do not appear to be individual risk factors, amongst those examined in this study, that are strongly associated with EIPH. Potential relevance: The risk of developing EIPH cannot be readily determined from a combination of age, race speed, race distance, track hardness or air quality. This study does not provide support for the hypotheses that racing on hard surfaces or in polluted air contributes to the development of EIPH.

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“…Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH), the observation of blood in the large airways following intense exercise, occurs in many breeds of racing horses, including Thoroughbreds (Pascoe and Wheat 1980), Quarter Horses (Hillidge et al 1984), Appaloosas (Hillidge et al 1986), and Standardbreds (Pascoe and Wheat 1980;Speirs et al 1982;MacNamara et al 1990). The prevalence of EIPH revealed by a single endoscopic evaluation in Thoroughbreds has been shown to range from 42% (Pascoe and Wheat 1980) to 75% (Raphel and Soma 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage in Quebec Standardbred racehorses

Lapointe

Vrins

McCARVILL

1994

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Sixty Standardbred horses, aged 3 to 10 years, were examined endoscopically for exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) 1 h after racing, on at least 3 occasions. Racing time, finishing position and post exercise venous lactate concentrations were also recorded. Horses positive for tracheal blood on endoscopy were classified as having either grade 1 EIPH (one or a few spots of blood in the trachea), or grade 2 (stream of blood). Air temperature, relative humidity and air pollutant levels were recorded on each examination day. Of the 60 horses, 52 (87%) were EIPH‐positive on at least one evaluation out of 3 and 40 of the 52 (77%) showed grade 2 EIPH on at least one occasion. Of the 52 EIPH‐positive horses, 52% bled 3 times out of 3, 21% 2 out of 3 and 27% once. When only the first examination was considered, 37 of the 60 horses (62%) were EIPH‐positive. There was no significant relation detected between either presence or frequency of EIPH and age, sex, or gait. Horses that showed grade 2 EIPH bled significantly (P = <0.001) more frequently (mean: 83% of examinations) than horses having shown no more than grade 1 EIPH (47% of examinations). No significant differences could be detected between EIPH‐positive and EIPH‐negative races in the average racing times, finishing positions and blood lactate concentrations of the 29 horses which showed intermittent EIPH. The proportion of horses showing EIPH on each day where at least 5 horses were examined was correlated with air temperature, relative humidity, and the levels of several air pollutants on those days. There was a significant negative correlation between air temperature and proportion of EIPH‐positive horses (P = 0.0007, r2= 0.39). No significant relations were detected with relative humidity or air pollutant levels.

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Pulmonary haemorrhage in standardbred horses after racing

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Frequency of and risk factors for epistaxis associated with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses: 251,609 race starts (1992–1997)

Frequency of and risk factors for epistaxis associated with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses: 251,609 race starts (1992–1997)

Risk factors for exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage in Thoroughbred racehorses

A survey of exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage in Quebec Standardbred racehorses

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