“…In studies of agricultural workers, musculoskeletal pain or injury was common, with prevalence estimates ranging from 5% (15 of 300 migrant workers) 29 to 48·4% (139 of 287 migrant workers) 21 . These estimates highlight the diversity across studies, both within these two studies examining similar outcomes in the same occupational sector,21, 29 and other studies of agricultural workers assessing distinct outcomes such as pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms, which Flunker and colleagues 26 reported in 79% of workers. In some studies, prevalence of musculoskeletal injury was associated with older age, 21 working more than 40 h per week, 36 working in agriculture for less than 10 years, 42 working posture, 42 and a poor work safety climate 33 …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…1028 articles were screened for eligibility, of which 253 were included in the full-text screening (figure 1). 36 studies21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 met our inclusion criteria for the systematic review (table) and 18 articles21, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 38, 41, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54 were included in the meta-analyses.Figure 1Study selection…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All 36 studies included in the systematic review had a cross-sectional design, used a combination of qualitative and social research methodologies, such as interviews and surveys, and included data for 12 168 international migrants employed in 13 countries and territories: USA (n=17),21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 Singapore (n=3),38, 39, 40 Thailand (n=3),41, 42, 43 Italy (n=2),44, 45 Qatar (n=2),46, 47 South Korea (n=2),48, 49 United Arab Emirates (n=2),46, 50 Spain (n=1), 51 Saudi Arabia (n=1), 46 Hong Kong (n=1), 52 Lebanon (n=1), 53 Malaysia (n=1), 54 and Taiwan (n=1) 55 . Although country of origin and migrant number from different origin countries was not always reported, international migrants in the included studies originated from 25 countries: Ecuador, 51 Morocco,45, 51 Romania, 51 Colombia, 51 Thailand, 48 Vietnam,27, 48, 49 Philippines,25, 39, 47, 48, 53 India,38, 47, 50, 54 Bangladesh,38, 47, 50, 53 Pakistan,47, 50 Nepal,46, 47, 53, 54 Mexico,34, 37, 56 Guatamala,28, 34, 37, 56 Indonesia,39, 52, 54, 55 Ethiopia, 53 …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although country of origin and migrant number from different origin countries was not always reported, international migrants in the included studies originated from 25 countries: Ecuador, 51 Morocco,45, 51 Romania, 51 Colombia, 51 Thailand, 48 Vietnam,27, 48, 49 Philippines,25, 39, 47, 48, 53 India,38, 47, 50, 54 Bangladesh,38, 47, 50, 53 Pakistan,47, 50 Nepal,46, 47, 53, 54 Mexico,34, 37, 56 Guatamala,28, 34, 37, 56 Indonesia,39, 52, 54, 55 Ethiopia, 53 Tonga, 53 Sri Lanka,47, 53, 54 Myanmar,43, 54 North Korea, 47 Cambodia, 42 China, 49 Kazakhstan, 49 El Salvador, 28 Honduras, 28 and Ghana 45 . Several studies21, 23, 24, 26, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34 did not report the nationality of included individuals, instead including them in broader categories, such as Latino or Hispanic (table).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The identified studies predominantly described occupational health outcomes among migrant workers employed in unskilled manual labour. We categorised the professions of included migrants into four groups: 16 studies21, 22, 23, 26, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 42, 46, 47, 56 included agricultural workers; 13 studies24, 25, 27, 28, 39, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 55 included domestic, retail, and service sector workers; eight studies24, 28, 38, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50 included construction and trade labourers; and five studies41, 43, 44, 45, 54 included manufacturing and processing workers.…”
Background Globally, there are more than 150 million international migrant workers-individuals who are employed outside of their country of origin-comprising the largest international migrant group. A substantial number of migrants work in hazardous and exploitative environments, where they might be at considerable risk of injury and ill health. However, little data on occupational health outcomes of migrant workers exist, with which to inform global policy making and delivery of health services. Methods For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Embase, MEDLINE, Ovid Global Health, and PsychINFO databases for primary research published between Jan 1, 2008, and Jan 24, 2018, reporting occupational health outcomes among international migrant workers (defined as individuals who are or have been employed outside their country of origin), without language or geographical restrictions. We excluded studies containing mixed cohorts of migrants and native workers in which migrant data could not be disaggregated, and studies that did not explicitly report migrant status. The main outcome was prevalence of occupational health outcomes (defined as any injury, mortality, or physical or psychiatric morbidity due to an individual's work or workplace environment) among international migrant workers. Summary estimates were calculated using random-effects models. The study protocol has been registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018099465. Findings Of the 1218 studies identified by our search, 36 studies were included in our systematic review, and 18 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The systematic review included occupational health outcomes for 12 168 international migrant workers employed in 13 countries and territories, mostly employed in unskilled manual labour. Migrant workers originated from 25 low-income and middle-income countries, and worked in the following sectors: agriculture; domestic, retail, and service sectors; construction and trade; and manufacturing and processing. Migrant workers had various psychiatric and physical morbidities, and workplace accidents and injuries were relatively common. In the meta-analysis, among 7260 international migrant workers, the pooled prevalence of having at least one occupational morbidity was 47% (95% CI 29-64; I²=99•70%). Among 3890 migrant workers, the prevalence of having at least one injury or accident, including falls from heights, fractures and dislocations, ocular injuries, and cuts was 22% (7-37; I²=99•35%). Interpretation International migrant workers are at considerable risk of work-related ill health and injury, and their health needs are critically overlooked in research and policy. Governments, policy makers, and businesses must enforce and improve occupational health and safety measures, which should be accompanied by accessible, affordable, and appropriate health care and insurance coverage to meet the care needs of this important working population. Funding Wellcome Trust.
“…In studies of agricultural workers, musculoskeletal pain or injury was common, with prevalence estimates ranging from 5% (15 of 300 migrant workers) 29 to 48·4% (139 of 287 migrant workers) 21 . These estimates highlight the diversity across studies, both within these two studies examining similar outcomes in the same occupational sector,21, 29 and other studies of agricultural workers assessing distinct outcomes such as pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms, which Flunker and colleagues 26 reported in 79% of workers. In some studies, prevalence of musculoskeletal injury was associated with older age, 21 working more than 40 h per week, 36 working in agriculture for less than 10 years, 42 working posture, 42 and a poor work safety climate 33 …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…1028 articles were screened for eligibility, of which 253 were included in the full-text screening (figure 1). 36 studies21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 met our inclusion criteria for the systematic review (table) and 18 articles21, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 38, 41, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54 were included in the meta-analyses.Figure 1Study selection…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All 36 studies included in the systematic review had a cross-sectional design, used a combination of qualitative and social research methodologies, such as interviews and surveys, and included data for 12 168 international migrants employed in 13 countries and territories: USA (n=17),21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 Singapore (n=3),38, 39, 40 Thailand (n=3),41, 42, 43 Italy (n=2),44, 45 Qatar (n=2),46, 47 South Korea (n=2),48, 49 United Arab Emirates (n=2),46, 50 Spain (n=1), 51 Saudi Arabia (n=1), 46 Hong Kong (n=1), 52 Lebanon (n=1), 53 Malaysia (n=1), 54 and Taiwan (n=1) 55 . Although country of origin and migrant number from different origin countries was not always reported, international migrants in the included studies originated from 25 countries: Ecuador, 51 Morocco,45, 51 Romania, 51 Colombia, 51 Thailand, 48 Vietnam,27, 48, 49 Philippines,25, 39, 47, 48, 53 India,38, 47, 50, 54 Bangladesh,38, 47, 50, 53 Pakistan,47, 50 Nepal,46, 47, 53, 54 Mexico,34, 37, 56 Guatamala,28, 34, 37, 56 Indonesia,39, 52, 54, 55 Ethiopia, 53 …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although country of origin and migrant number from different origin countries was not always reported, international migrants in the included studies originated from 25 countries: Ecuador, 51 Morocco,45, 51 Romania, 51 Colombia, 51 Thailand, 48 Vietnam,27, 48, 49 Philippines,25, 39, 47, 48, 53 India,38, 47, 50, 54 Bangladesh,38, 47, 50, 53 Pakistan,47, 50 Nepal,46, 47, 53, 54 Mexico,34, 37, 56 Guatamala,28, 34, 37, 56 Indonesia,39, 52, 54, 55 Ethiopia, 53 Tonga, 53 Sri Lanka,47, 53, 54 Myanmar,43, 54 North Korea, 47 Cambodia, 42 China, 49 Kazakhstan, 49 El Salvador, 28 Honduras, 28 and Ghana 45 . Several studies21, 23, 24, 26, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34 did not report the nationality of included individuals, instead including them in broader categories, such as Latino or Hispanic (table).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The identified studies predominantly described occupational health outcomes among migrant workers employed in unskilled manual labour. We categorised the professions of included migrants into four groups: 16 studies21, 22, 23, 26, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 42, 46, 47, 56 included agricultural workers; 13 studies24, 25, 27, 28, 39, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 55 included domestic, retail, and service sector workers; eight studies24, 28, 38, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50 included construction and trade labourers; and five studies41, 43, 44, 45, 54 included manufacturing and processing workers.…”
Background Globally, there are more than 150 million international migrant workers-individuals who are employed outside of their country of origin-comprising the largest international migrant group. A substantial number of migrants work in hazardous and exploitative environments, where they might be at considerable risk of injury and ill health. However, little data on occupational health outcomes of migrant workers exist, with which to inform global policy making and delivery of health services. Methods For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Embase, MEDLINE, Ovid Global Health, and PsychINFO databases for primary research published between Jan 1, 2008, and Jan 24, 2018, reporting occupational health outcomes among international migrant workers (defined as individuals who are or have been employed outside their country of origin), without language or geographical restrictions. We excluded studies containing mixed cohorts of migrants and native workers in which migrant data could not be disaggregated, and studies that did not explicitly report migrant status. The main outcome was prevalence of occupational health outcomes (defined as any injury, mortality, or physical or psychiatric morbidity due to an individual's work or workplace environment) among international migrant workers. Summary estimates were calculated using random-effects models. The study protocol has been registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018099465. Findings Of the 1218 studies identified by our search, 36 studies were included in our systematic review, and 18 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The systematic review included occupational health outcomes for 12 168 international migrant workers employed in 13 countries and territories, mostly employed in unskilled manual labour. Migrant workers originated from 25 low-income and middle-income countries, and worked in the following sectors: agriculture; domestic, retail, and service sectors; construction and trade; and manufacturing and processing. Migrant workers had various psychiatric and physical morbidities, and workplace accidents and injuries were relatively common. In the meta-analysis, among 7260 international migrant workers, the pooled prevalence of having at least one occupational morbidity was 47% (95% CI 29-64; I²=99•70%). Among 3890 migrant workers, the prevalence of having at least one injury or accident, including falls from heights, fractures and dislocations, ocular injuries, and cuts was 22% (7-37; I²=99•35%). Interpretation International migrant workers are at considerable risk of work-related ill health and injury, and their health needs are critically overlooked in research and policy. Governments, policy makers, and businesses must enforce and improve occupational health and safety measures, which should be accompanied by accessible, affordable, and appropriate health care and insurance coverage to meet the care needs of this important working population. Funding Wellcome Trust.
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