Pulmonary Embolism Presenting with Pulmonary Infarction: Update and Practical Review of Literature Data

Gagno, Giulia; Padoan, Laura; D’Errico, Stefano; Baratella, Elisa; Radaelli, Davide; Fluca, Alessandra Lucia; Pierri, Alessandro; Janjusevic, Milijana; Noveska, Elena Aleksova; Cova, Maria Assunta; Copetti, Roberto; Cominotto, Franco; Sinagra, Gianfranco; Aleksova, Aneta

doi:10.3390/jcm11164916

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…As the lung tissue has a dual circulation through pulmonary and bronchial vasculatures and directly absorbs oxygen through alveolar ventilation, the lung has partial resistance to ischemic damage. Recent research reported that the prevalence of PI was 16% to 31% ( 4 - 6 ). In our research, 16.58% of PE patients had PI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of pulmonary infarction in patients with acute pulmonary embolism in China: a single-center retrospective observational study

Yuan,

Wang,

Xing

et al. 2023

J Thorac Dis

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Background Pulmonary infarction (PI) is an uncommon complication of pulmonary embolism (PE). The risk factors of PI are still relatively unclear. Methods This was a single-center retrospective review conducted on 500 patients with PE. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 386 patients diagnosed with PE were enrolled in our study. These patients were then categorized into the PI group (n=64) and the non-PI group (n=322). A comparison was conducted between the two groups regarding the clinical characteristics. Results The occurrence of PI secondary to PE was 16.58%. In univariate analysis, recent trauma (21.9% vs. 9.9%, P=0.007), pleuritic chest pain (46.9% vs. 17.4%, P<0.001), hemoptysis (29.7% vs. 2.5%, P<0.001), fever (26.6% vs. 8.1%, P<0.001), lower limb edema/pain (37.5% vs. 14.0%, P<0.001), white blood cell (WBC) counts (37.5% vs. 24.5%, P=0.032), C-reactive protein (CRP) (65.6% vs. 41.3%, P<0.001), and pleural effusion (45.3% vs. 18.6%, P<0.001) were associated with an increased risk of PI. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age [odds ratio (OR) 0.975, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.951–0.999, P=0.045], pleuritic chest pain (OR 2.878, 95% CI: 1.424–5.814, P=0.003), hemoptysis (OR 10.592, 95% CI: 3.503–32.030, P<0.001), lower limb edema/pain (OR 2.778, 95% CI: 1.342–5.749, P=0.006) and pleural effusion (OR 3.127, 95% CI: 1.531–6.388, P=0.002) were independent factors of PI due to PE. No significant difference was recorded between the two groups in treatment and mortality. Conclusions Young patients were found to be a higher risk of PI. Pleural effusion was found to be a factor for PI. PI should be considered when pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, or lower limb edema/pain are present with peripheral opacity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lung section would suffer from a pulmonary infarction (PI) when its blood supply is cut off, causing the tissue to perish. The literature states that the prevalence of PI ranges from 16% to 31% ( 4 - 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of pulmonary infarction in patients with acute pulmonary embolism in China: a single-center retrospective observational study

Yuan,

Wang,

Xing

et al. 2023

J Thorac Dis

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The reversed halo sign with a reticulonodular pattern as unusual findings of pulmonary infarct in acute pulmonary embolism: case report and literature review

Pierro,

Totaro,

Testa

et al. 2024

Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med

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Background The reversed halo, also known as the atoll sign, is a distinct sign with ring-shaped consolidation and central lucency. The reversed halo sign, initially emerging in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, has been observed in various pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary embolism. The presence of this sign in the subpleural, posterior basal parts of the lower lobes, predominantly when solitary, should raise the possibility of other causes, such as pulmonary infarction. Case presentation We present a case of acute pulmonary embolism with pulmonary infarction discovered on a CT pulmonary angiogram in our emergency department, where the pulmonary infarction appears as a reverse halo sign with a reticulonodular pattern. The reticular nodular pattern in the halo sign is not typical of a pulmonary infarct presenting with a reverse halo sign. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first case of pulmonary infarction in acute pulmonary embolism with the appearance of a reverse halo sign with a reticulonodular pattern.

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Pulmonary Embolism Presenting with Pulmonary Infarction: Update and Practical Review of Literature Data

Cited by 2 publications

References 48 publications

Characteristics of pulmonary infarction in patients with acute pulmonary embolism in China: a single-center retrospective observational study

Characteristics of pulmonary infarction in patients with acute pulmonary embolism in China: a single-center retrospective observational study

The reversed halo sign with a reticulonodular pattern as unusual findings of pulmonary infarct in acute pulmonary embolism: case report and literature review

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