Pulmonary Embolism in Childhood: A Multicenter Experience from Turkey

Hangül, Melih; Köse, Mehmet; Pekcan, Sevgi; Çalışkan, Ümran; Tokgöz, Hüseyin; Aslan, Ayşe Tana; Eyüboğlu, Tuğba Şişmanlar; Gürsoy, Tuğba Ramaslı; Kırçıl, Nihan; Ersoy, Ali Özgür; Tok, Tahir; Yılmaz, Aslı İmran

doi:10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2022.2022-3-46

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…In a study on the origin of PE, up to 50% of adult patients had no obvious source of emboli (28). This phenomenon was also observed in children (6). This suggests that PE may be a local phenomenon that starts in the pulmonary arteries, also called ISPAT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…ISPAT is often caused by endothelial dysfunction or inflammation and less often by a coagulopathy or blood stasis. It should be considered when there is no evidence of DVT (5,6). It is reported that ISPAT occurrs at a younger age (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be considered when there is no evidence of DVT (5,6). It is reported that ISPAT occurrs at a younger age (5,6). However, currently, little is known about the thrombophilic risk factors during the development of ISPAT in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Report: In situ pulmonary artery thrombosis in a 12-year-old girl classified as systemic lupus erythematosus

Feng,

Chen,

Dai

et al. 2024

Front. Pediatr.

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In situ pulmonary artery thrombosis (ISPAT) is a relatively rare but potentially life-threatening complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with fever, chest pain, and dyspnea. Immune thrombocytopenia was identified due to purpura and menorrhagia 3 months before presentation with a lowest platelet count of 12 × 109/L. The sudden onset of fever, chest pain, and dyspnea were misdiagnosed as hyperinflammatory responses caused by pneumonia; these symptoms ameliorated with glucocorticoid and antibiotic treatment. The reappearance of symptoms after dose reduction of glucocorticoids and the observation of bloody bronchoalveolar lavage fluid necessitated further evaluation. Pulmonary artery thrombosis/embolism was identified using computed tomography pulmonary angiography and high D-dimer quantitative level of 4,118 μg/L (normal <252 μg/L). Ultrasonography of the deep and superficial veins of both lower limbs and renal veins revealed no thrombosis, suggesting the diagnosis of ISPAT. Further etiological evaluation revealed positive antinuclear antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, and anti-SSA antibodies, confirming SLE. Repeated normal urine analysis indicated that lupus nephritis was unlikely. Further, the negative anticardiolipin and anti-β2 glycoprotein antibodies and temporary positive lupus anticoagulant suggested that antiphospholipid syndrome was unlikely. The patient received anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, hydroxychloroquine, and mycophenolate therapy. Her symptoms gradually improved, and she was discharged. At the 1-month follow-up, the thrombosis had resolved. During the 1-year follow-up, her condition remained well without SLE relapse. Our experience with this case emphasizes searching for SLE in the case of ISPAT and pulmonary hemorrhages. ISPAT can occur in children with SLE and may be caused by hyperinflammatory response during SLE flare.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%