Pulmonary Embolism Associated With Canine Total Hip Replacement

Liska, William D.; Poteet, Brian A.

doi:10.1053/jvet.2003.50016

Cited by 52 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…4 Naturally occurring lipid emboli in dogs have been related to total hip replacement surgeries. 8,16 In cats, fatal pulmonary lipid embolism has been reported as a result of subcutaneous trauma and during a humeral fracture repair. 12,14 Nontraumatic causes of lipid embolism in human beings typically involve fat or bone marrow necrosis (osteomyelitis, pancreatitis, panniculitis, or hepatic lipidosis) and are rarely drug related or iatrogenic (procedure related).…”

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confidence: 99%

Lipid emboli in a Vietnamese potbellied pig (Sus scrofa)

et al. 2012

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A 2-year-old, spayed female Vietnamese potbellied pig (Sus scrofa) with a body condition score of 6 out of 6 and a weight of approximately 113 kg presented for polyuria and polydipsia. There was mild abdominal distention, and the abdomen felt very firm on palpation. The owner also reported lethargy and hyporexia of several weeks' duration. On presentation, the pig could ambulate normally; body temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate were within normal limits. The pig was sedated to facilitate thorough physical examination and blood collection for chemistry and cell counts. The most pronounced abnormalities were hypercalcemia (14 mg/dl; normal mean and standard deviation for large white pigs is 11.6 ± 0.8 mg/dl) and hyperglycemia (163 mg/dl; normal mean and standard deviation for large white pigs is 79.3 ± 18.0 mg/dl).18 There was also an inflammatory leukogram: total leukocytes 23.2 × 10 3 /µl (average 16.4 × 10 3 , minimum 11.6 × 10 3 , maximum 21.0 × 10 3 ); neutrophils 70% (average 36%, minimum 28%, maximum 42%); bands 19% (average 0.7%, minimum 0%, maximum 2.0%); lymphocytes 8% (average 54%, minimum 38%, maximum 61%); and monocytes 2% (average 5%, minimum 0%, maximum 9.0%). 17Upon physical exam, a single large, firm mass approximately 10 cm in diameter was palpated in the caudoventral abdomen. On ultrasound, the mass was well encapsulated and heterogeneous in consistency, with irregular areas of hyperechoic and hypoechoic texture and no obvious vascular component. It was unclear at the time whether the mass was intra-abdominal or extra-abdominal. Radiographs showed a large opacity in the caudal abdomen that displaced the urinary bladder caudoventrally. The opacity was consistent with normal fatty tissue or, less likely, an invasive lipoma or liposarcoma. An exploratory laparotomy revealed the presence of 2 bilateral symmetrical retroperitoneal masses instead of a single mass. Based on intraoperative palpation of these masses and their location, a presumptive diagnosis of mineralized fat deposits and granulomatous steatitis was made, which was confirmed histologically.Radiographs also revealed lucent areas associated with the cranial vertebral bodies of lumbar vertebrae L4 to L6 and possibly the cranial physis of L4 with mild sclerosis of these areas. The caudal margin of the L7 vertebral body was irregular and also contained focal areas of increased lucency. A preliminary diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the vertebrae was made and thought to be secondary to an infectious disease or, less likely, a metastatic process. Urine culture and brucellosis testing, as well as aspiration of the vertebral lesions under computed tomography guidance, were carried out, and all tests yielded negative results. Urine collected by cystocentesis during surgery had increased levels of glucose (250 mg/dl). A 2-year-old, spayed female Vietnamese potbellied pig (Sus scrofa) was evaluated due to polyuria, polydipsia, lethargy, and hyporexia. The pig was obese, and a large abdominal mass was palpated. Additional findings included ...

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Lipid emboli in a Vietnamese potbellied pig (Sus scrofa)

et al. 2012

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“…Even without histological proof of pulmonary emboli, in the presence of these signs, we consider emboli as the cause of death in one animal. More accurate methods like scintilographic and Doppler ultrasound studies would be more appropriate to establish the diagnosis in these cases (Liska and Poteet, 2003). Luxation is a common complication related to this technique (Olmstead et al, 1983;DeYoung et al, 1992;Olmstead, 1995;Marcellin-Little, 1999;Warnock et al, 2003), however we did not observe this complication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Pulmonary emboli formation of air or fat when the stem is being implanted in the femur is a critical complication reported in humans, but rarely in dogs (Otto and Matis, 1994;Liska and Poteet, 2003). Even without histological proof of pulmonary emboli, in the presence of these signs, we consider emboli as the cause of death in one animal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Modified cementless total coxofemoral prosthesis: development, implantation and clinical evaluation

Arias

Blanco²,

Doretto

et al. 2013

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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The aim of this study was to modify canine coxofemoral prostheses and the clinical evaluation of the implantation. Fifteen canine hips and femora of cadavers were used in order to study the surface points of modification in prostheses and develop a perforation guide. Femoral stems and acetabular components were perforated and coated with biphasic calcium phosphate layer. Twelve young adult male mongrel dogs were implanted with coxofemoral prostheses. Six were operated upon and implanted with cemented canine modular hip prostheses, establishing the control group. The remaining six were implanted with a novel design of cementless porous tricalcic phosphate-hydroxyapatite coated hip prostheses. Clinical and orthopedic performance, complications, and thigh muscular hypotrophy were assessed up to the 120 th post-operatory day. After 120 days, animals with cementless prostheses had similar clinical and orthopedic performance compared to the cemented group despite the increased pain thigh hypotrophy. Animals that underwent cementless hip prosthesis evidenced more pain, compared to animals with cemented hip prosthesis that required longer recuperation time. No luxations, two fractures and two isquiatic neurapraxies were identified in the course of the study.

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“…A bubble forming in the circulatory system can lead to pulmonary or cerebral gas emboli. Formation and/or introduction of gas microbubbles in human blood and tissues remains a serious long-term sequel in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement (with an annual risk of up to 4%) [2][3][4]; cardiopulmonary bypass and other open-heart surgeries [3-8]; high-intensity focused US therapy [9][10][11]; cesarean section and operative hysteroscopy [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]; orthopedic surgery [25,26]; and various laser ablation and laparoscopic surgeries [27][28][29][30]. Additionally, gas embolism happens in endoscopy [31], tissue biopsy [32], neurosurgery [33], liver transplantation [34][35][36], during central venous line insertion and removal [37,38], and even during intravenous antibiotic delivery at home [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Method of Noninvasive Detection and Assessment of Gas Emboli and DCS

Larin¹

2010

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information SSOCT has been developed. The system has an axial resolution of 10 µm, phase sensitivity of 0.03 radians, imaging depth of up to 6 mm in air, and in-depth scanning speed of 20 kHz for a single A-line. The performance of the sensing system was carefully evaluated in optical phantoms containing gas microbubbles with different diameter and tissues in vivo. Obtained results demonstrate that bubbles with diameter greater than 10 µm could be detected by both structural imaging and phase response whereas bubbles with diameters less than 10 µm could be detected by the phase response of the SSOCT with high sensitivity.Noninvasive, optical, microbbules, decompression AbstractNoninvasive functional imaging, monitoring and quantification of microbubbles forming in blood and tissues upon rapid changes in barometric pressure are extremely important for effective therapy and diagnostics of several diseases as well as for imaging and drug delivery projects. However, current techniques are unable of imaging and efficient detection of bubbles with diameter less than 50 micrometers. The goal of this proposal was to develop novel PhaseSensitive Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (PhS-SSOCT) technique capable of real-time, sensitive, accurate, and noninvasive imaging, monitoring, and quantification of microbubbles in tissues. During these studies, a novel phase resolved system based on Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SSOCT) has been developed. The system has an axial resolution of 10 µm, phase sensitivity of 0.03 radians, imaging depth of up to 6 mm in air, and in-depth scanning speed of 20 kHz for a single A-line. The performance of the sensing system was carefully evaluated in optical phantoms containing gas microbubbles with different diameter. Obtained results demonstrate that bubbles with diameter greater than 10 µm could be detected by both structural imaging and phase response whereas bubbles with diameters less than 10 µm could be detected by the phase response of the SSOCT with high sensitivity. The accuracy for measurement of the diameter of gas microbubbles is limited to 10 µm in structural imaging and 0.01 µm in phase-sensitive monitoring. Preliminary studies were also performed in animals in vivo for the rapid assessment of the circulating microbubbles. The in vivo results demonstrate capability of the developed instrument to image bubbles with diameter above 8 µm.The results from the study indicate that the developed SSOCT system could be used to detect fast-moving microbubbles and warr...

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Pulmonary Embolism Associated With Canine Total Hip Replacement

Abstract: Most dogs seemingly spontaneously recover from pulmonary embolism that occurs during THR. The risk of clinical complications from this pulmonary embolism should be taken seriously, even though the exact morbidity and mortality rates are unknown.

Cited by 52 publications

References 34 publications

Lipid emboli in a Vietnamese potbellied pig (Sus scrofa)

Lipid emboli in a Vietnamese potbellied pig (Sus scrofa)

Modified cementless total coxofemoral prosthesis: development, implantation and clinical evaluation

Novel Method of Noninvasive Detection and Assessment of Gas Emboli and DCS

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