Pulmonary Effects of Occupational Exposure to Portland Cement: A Study from Eastern Saudi Arabia

Ballal, Seifeddin G.; Ahmed, Hafsa; Ali, Basil A.; Albar, Adnan A.; al-Hasan, A Y

doi:10.1179/oeh.2004.10.3.272

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The age and employment distributions among the workers in our surveys were of similar magnitude to findings in other cement studies (33,36,38,41,54). Since the study included the major cement producing factories in Malaysia (33,41).…”

Section: External Validitysupporting

confidence: 76%

“…A list of studies on cement dust exposure published in scientific journals the last 15 years (except for one American study published 23 years ago) is shown in Table 1. Higher dust exposure has been reported in developing countries such as Tanzania, Ethiopia, Iran and Saudi Arabia (33,(36)(37)(38) than in USA and Norway (39,40). This difference might be caused by established regulatory actions and more advanced technical control measures in the cement industry in industrialized countries than in developing countries.…”

Section: Occupational Dust Exposure In the Cement Industrymentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Several cross sectional studies have found high prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms (7,38,41,(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54) and reduction of lung function (7,41,53,(55)(56)(57).…”

Section: Chronic Respiratory Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excessive Exposure to Dust Among Cleaners in the Ethiopian Cement Industry

Zeleke

Moen

Bråtveit

2011

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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Section: External Validitysupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Occupational Dust Exposure In the Cement Industrymentioning

confidence: 84%

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Excessive Exposure to Dust Among Cleaners in the Ethiopian Cement Industry

Zeleke

Moen

Bråtveit

2011

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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“…Occupational exposure to cement dust is known to be an important factor in the causation of respiratory symptoms and diseases [1][2][3][4][5] . Exposure to dust is unavoidable in cement factories, but it could be reduced through effective engineering control measures and/or proper use of appropriate respiratory protection equipment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researchers have reported that chronic occupational exposure to dust in cement factories leads to a greater prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and signs such as coughing, sputum, wheezing and dyspnea as well as altering the pulmonary function indices [1][2][3][4][5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust Exposure and Respiratory Symptoms among Cement Factory Workers in the United Arab Emirates

Ahmed

Abdullah

2012

Ind Health

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This study was conducted in a cement factory in the United Arab Emirates to assess cement dust exposure and its relationship to respiratory symptoms among workers. A total of 149 exposed and 78 unexposed workers participated in this cross-sectional study. Information on demographic and respiratory symptoms was collected by questionnaire. Personal total dust levels were determined by the gravimetric method. Concentration of the total dust ranged between 4.20 mg/ m 3 in the crushers and 15.20 mg/m 3 in the packaging areas, and exceeded the exposure limit in the packaging and raw mill areas. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher among the exposed workers, but the difference from that of unexposed workers was statistically significant only for cough (19.5%; OR=4.5; 95%CI=1.5-13.2), and phlegm (14.8%; OR=13.3; 95%CI=1.8-100.9). Cough and phlegm were found to be related to exposure to dust, cumulative dust and smoking habit, while chronic bronchitis was related to smoking habit. The few factory workers (19.5%) who used masks all the time had a lower prevalence rate of respiratory symptoms than those not using them. High dust level was the only variable that influenced the workers to use the mask all the time. It is recommended that control measures be adopted to reduce the dust and workers should be encouraged to use respiratory protection devices during their working time.

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Silica and Silica Compounds

Marrocco,

Dy,

Ortiz

et al. 2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Crystalline silica is one of the most abundant minerals on Earth. More than 230 million individuals around the world, and more than 2 million workers in the United States, predominantly in construction and mining occupations, are exposed to silica every year. Inhalation of crystalline silica leads to the development of silicosis, a progressive pneumoconiosis characterized by chronic lung inflammation and fibrosis, for which no specific therapy is available. Silicosis is also associated with increased risk of tuberculosis, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), kidney disease, and autoimmune disease. These health risks remain elevated even after silica exposure has ceased. Although preventive measures have decreased the mortality attributable to silica exposure in the past decade, this occupational lung disease still kills about 100 people every year in the United States, according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Between 1999 and 2013, silicosis was the underlying or contributing cause of death for about 2000 people, and 300 deaths occurred each year between 1991 and 1995, while it decreased to about 100 per year in 2012 and 2013. Data from NIOSH show that a large number of workers are at increased risk for silicosis because of exposure to silica levels that exceed current regulatory standards. Therefore, regulatory agencies have been forced to further reduce the permissible exposure levels (PEL) to 25 μg/m 3 (micrograms of silica per cubic meter of air) over an 8‐h shift, to improve prophylaxis. Despite these efforts, silicosis remains a global health threat.

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Pulmonary Effects of Occupational Exposure to Portland Cement: A Study from Eastern Saudi Arabia

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Excessive Exposure to Dust Among Cleaners in the Ethiopian Cement Industry

Excessive Exposure to Dust Among Cleaners in the Ethiopian Cement Industry

Dust Exposure and Respiratory Symptoms among Cement Factory Workers in the United Arab Emirates

Silica and Silica Compounds

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