Pulmonary dysfunction and development of different cardiovascular outcomes in the general population

Abstract

A history of pulmonary disease increased the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, but inflammation did not seem to alter the effect of pulmonary dysfunction on cardiovascular disease development. This insight may lead to better understanding and treatment of cardiovascular comorbidities in pulmonary disease; it also indicates that the potentially beneficial effect of targeted anti-inflammatory drugs for pulmonary disease, in terms of reducing cardiovascular risk in these patients, may be limited.